Peds Rot Random
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| periventricular calcifications | think CMV infection. Do a urine culture. Other sx include growth retardation and 4hepatosplenomegaly
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| Pan calcification of the brain | Think toxoplasmosis
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| Which cardiac conditions are associated with Cyanosis at birth? | 4t's= Truncus arteriosus, Total anomaly of pulmonary valve, Transposition of the great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot
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| Egg on a string | Transposition of the great vessels. Due to the arrangement of the vessels, the heart lies more horizontally
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| Croup vs bronchiolitiis | Croup pts usually maintain a pulse ox>90%, whereas acute bronchiolitis pts usually have lower pulse ox since it is a LRI and ventilation is affected.
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| Names of croup | laryngotracheobronchitis, supraglottitis, bacterial tracheitis
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| maculopapular rash from head progressing to the trunk, conjunctivitis, fever, and especially occuring in children from out of the country | measles
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| Rubella is also known as | german measles
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| Before puberty, the most common complication of mumps is | meningitis. After puberty, in males, the most common complication is orchitis
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| Painless sores on the genitals | think syphilis
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| >7 days post birth with red eye | think Chlamydial conjuntivitis
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| Which STI does erythromycin protect against? | Gonorrhea, not chlamydia
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| SALTER Grading | S: same as the growth plate, A: above (metaphysis), L: lower (epiphysis), T (through the metaphysis and epiphysis), R: everything is crunched together
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| "Scotch plaid pitting" of nails and patches of complete hair loss | Alopecia Areata. cause thought to be immunologic.
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| Most common abdominal Tumor in children | neuroblastoma (malignant).
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| 2nd most common abdominal Tumor in children | Wilm's Tumor (other sx other than abdominal mass include HTN due to either renin secretion by tubular cells or compression of the renal vasculature, and microscopic or gross hematuria.
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| The majority of Neuroblastomas occur in the | abdomen. Thoracic is the second most common place
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| The most common site of metastatic spread in Wilm's tumor is | the lungs
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| The most common autosomal chromosomal abnormality | Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)
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| PE findings in a Trisomy 21 child | brachycephaly (flat occiput), flat facial profile, up-slanted palpebral fissures, small ears, small mouth with protruding toungue. "Simian Creases", "Sandal Sign", incurved fifth finger (clindodactyly)
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| Other abnormalities associated with Trisomy 21 | generalized hypotonia, cardiac defects (endocardial cushion defects and septal defects in 50% of cases), Gi anomalies (Hirschprung's dz, duodenal atresia), hypothyroidism, mental retardation. Leukemia 20x more common
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| Prognosis for babies born with Trisomy 13 | Poor. 50% dies before reaching 1 month of age; 90% die by 1 year of age
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| Patau (Trisomy 13) features | Microcephaly with sloping forehead, cutis aplasia of scalp, microphthalmia, cleft lip and palate, Congenital heart dz (VSD,ASD,PDA), Omphalocele, Polydactyly, renal defects, cryptorchidism, agenesis of corpus callosum
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| If Developmental dysplasia of the hip is suspected in a 1 month old newborn after a positive Barlow and Ortalani test, Asymettry of the gluteal folds and Galeazzi sign, which imaging modality should be used? | US. The hips and pelvis are not ossified at birth; radiographs are not helpful until 4-6 months of age.
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| Anomalies associated with Developmental dysplasia of the hip include | Cause is intrauterine packing and decreased movement, so other findings are: clubfoot, congenital torticollis, metatarsus adductus, and infantile scoliosis. Pavlik Harness may be prescribed
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| The most serious complication of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip | Avascular Necrosis of the femural head. More likely to occur when the child has been left untreated for longer than 6 months. DDH should be checked for routinely until child is ambulatory
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