6-1 vocab
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| gene |
segment of dna that transmits information from parent to offspring |
| chromosome |
a rod shaped structure that forms a single dna molecule |
| chromatids |
the two copies of each chromosome |
| centromere |
a protein disk that attaches two chromatids together |
| homologous chromosomes |
the two copies of each chromosome |
| diploid |
when a cel contains two homolougues of each chromosome |
| gametes |
egg and sperm cells |
| haploid |
when a cell contains only one homologue of each chromosome |
| zygote |
a fertilized egg cell and the first cell of a new individual |
| trisomy |
when a diploid cell has an extra chromosome |
| karyotype |
the collection of chromosomes found in an individual's cell |
| Down syndrome |
The traits produced by having an extra copy of chromosome 21 |
| disjunction |
when a cell divides normally each chromosome and it's homologue seperate |
| nondisjunction |
when one or more chromosomes fail to seperate properly |
| amniocentesis |
when a physician uses a needle and a syringe to remove a small amount of fluid from the amnion |
| amnion |
the sac that surrounds the fetus |
| chorionic villi sampling |
when a physician analyzes a karyotype |
| mutations |
changes in an organisms genetic material |
| deletion |
when a fragment of a chromosome breaks off, it can be lost when the cell divides causing a mutation |
| duplication |
when a chromosome fragment attaches to it's homologous chromosome which will then carry two copies of a certain set of genes |
| inversion |
when the fragment reattaches to it's original chromosome in the reverse orientation |
| translocation |
when a fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome |
| autosomes |
of 23 pairs of chromosomes in human somatic cells, 22 pairs are the same in males and females |
| sex chromosomes |
the chromosomes that differ between males and females |
| binnary fission |
form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring |
| cell cycle |
life of a eukaryotic cell |
| G1 |
growth fase of the cell |
| s phase |
when dna is copied |
| G2 phase |
preperation for nuclear division is made |
| m phase |
the phase where mitosis occurs |
| mitosis |
when the nucleaus of a cell divides in 2 nuclei |
| c phase |
when the cytoplasm divides |
| cytokinesis |
the process in which the cytoplasm divides |
| interphase |
the g1, g2, ands phases |
| spindle fiber |
the cables in the spindle |
| kinetochore |
a disk protein |
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