FA GI Anatomy
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| List the abdominal layers from superficial to deep. | 1) Skin
2) Superficial fascia (Camper and Scarpa)
3) External oblique
4) Internal oblique
5) Transverse abdominis
6) Transversalis fascia
7) Extraperitoneal tissue
8) Peritoneum
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| Name the 2 ligaments in the lesser omentum. | Hepato-duodenal ligament, and
Gastro-hepatic ligament
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| What ligament connects the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall? | Splenorenal ligament
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| What ligament contains the splenic artery and vein? | Splenorenal ligament
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| The gastro-hepatic ligament contains which artery? | Gastric artery
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| The gastro-colic ligament contains which artery? | Gastro-epiploic artery
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| The gastro-splenic ligament contains which artery? | Short gastrics
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| What structures are directly anterior and directly posterior to the epiploic foramen of Winslow? | Anterior = Portal triad
Posterior = IVC
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| Which enteric nerve plexus is in the GI submucosa layer? What is its function? | Submucosal nerve plexus (Meissner's).
Function = coordinates Motility
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| Which enteric nerve plexus is in the GI muscularis externa layer between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle? What is its function? | Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach's).
Function = regulates local Secretions, blood flow and absorption
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| State the differences between the type of muscle in the upper 1/3 of the esophagus and the lower 1/3 of the esophagus. | Upper 1/3 = striated muscle
Lower 1/3 = smooth muscle
Middle 1/3 = both
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| State the branches of the celiac trunk. | Common hepatic artery,
Splenic artery,
Left gastric artery
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| A peptic ulcer may affect which artery? | Gastroduodenal artery, which is directly behind the pylorus
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| Caput medusa is a result of anastamosis between which veins? | Paraumbilical <-> superficial and inferior epigastric
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| Esophageal varices is a result of anastamosis between which veins? | Left gastric <-> esophageal
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| Internal hemorrhoids is a result of anastamosis between which veins? | Superior rectal <-> middle and inferior rectal
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| State the veins in which a portocaval shunt can be inserted to relieve portal hypertension. | Splenic vein and left renal vein.
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| State the arterial supply of the rectum above the pectinate line and below the pectinate line. | Above pectinate line = Superior rectal artery (branch of IMA)
Below pectinate line = Inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal artery)
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| State the venous drainage of the rectum above the pectinate line and below the pectinate line. | Above the pectinate line = superior rectal vein -> inferior messenteric vein -> portal system
Below the pectinate line = inferior rectal vein -> internal pudendal vein -> internal iliac vein -> IVC
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| State the innervation below the pectinate line. | Innervated by inferior rectal nerve (branch of the pudendal nerve), which is a somatic innervation.
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| State the liver zone which is 1st affected by viral hepatitis. | Zone I
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| State the liver zone which is 1st affected by ischaemia. | Zone III
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| State the liver zone which is most sensitive to toxic injury. | Zone III
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| List the structures contained in the femoral triangle. | Femoral vein, artery and nerve.
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| What is the difference between the content of the inguinal canal in male and female? | Male = Inguinal canal has gonadal artery (sperm cord)
Female = Inguinal canal has caudal genital ligament (round ligament)
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| Which layer of the abdominal wall forms the external spermatic fascia? | External oblique layer's fascia
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| Which layer of the abdominal wall forms the cremasteric muscle and fascia? | Internal oblique layer
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| Which layer of the abdominal wall forms the internal spermatic fascia? | Transversalis fascia
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| Whiich type of hernia displaces the gastro-esophageal junction? | Sliding hiatal hernia
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| Diaphragmatic hernia may occur in infants as a result of what? | Defective development of pleuroperitoneal membrane?
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| Indirect inguinal hernia may occur in infants due to what? | Failure of processus vaginalis to close
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| What is the difference between the coverings of direct vs indirect inguinal hernia? | Indirect inguinal hernia is covered by all 3 layers of the spermatic fascia, but direct inguinal hernia is only covered by the external spermatic fascia.
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| Indirect inguinal hernia is lateral to what artery? | Inferior epigastric artery
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| State the boundaries which form the Hesselbach's triangle. | Inferior epigastric artery,
Lateral border of rectus abdominis,
Inguinal ligament
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