Netherlands
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| Philip II | king at height of Spanish power
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| Spanish decline | revolts in Netherlands (1566); defeat of Armada (1588)
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| Fall from dominance | "was the original achievement no more than an illusion?"
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| Escorial | Philip II palace, more like tomb
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| "one monarch, one empire, one sword" | Philip II dream
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| Drove himself hard; | drove sick-son to death
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| Price increase | in food (5-6x's; 1500-1650)
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| Taxes | Spanish and french nobles exempt; burden falls more on peasants
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| Bankruptcy | 1599-1648 Spain declared 3 times, France 2
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| Peace of Westphalia | end of Netherlands revolt
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| William of Orange | leader for the Dutch
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| Prince of Parma, Prince of Alva, and Don Juan | Spanish generals
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| Council of Troubles | attempted to end Calvinism in the Netherlands
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| Northern part of the Netherlands | 7 provinces- United provinces
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| Why did Spain need the Netherlands? | it was the wealthiest part of the Spanish territory, they bought Spanish wool, and they were at a prime spot to attack England
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