Articular formation and function
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| linear motion | gliding. tip can move
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| angular motion | shaft changes its angle with surface
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| circumduction | type of angular motion making wide circle
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| rotation | shaft rotates
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| 3 possible types of movements | lindear (gliding), angular, rotation
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| monaxial | articulation that permits movemetn along only one axis
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| what are the ways that synovial joints are described? | gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball-and-socket joints
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| i.e. of gliding synovial joint | acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints
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| i.e. of hinge synovial joint | elbow, knee, ankle joints
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| i.e. of pivot jiont. | atlos/axis
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| i.e. of ellipsoidal joint. | radiocarpal joint
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| i.e. of saddle joint | first carpometacarpal joint
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| i.e. of ball and socket joint | shoulder joint, hip joint
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| what is an articulation? | joint. doesn't have to move. where one bone meets another bone.
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| 3 types of articulations | 1. synarthroses 2. amphiarthroses 3. diarthroses/synovial joint
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| what type of movement do synarthroses articulations give? | no movement
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| what type of movement do amphiarthroses articulations give? | slight movement
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| what type of movement do diarthroses/synovial articulations give? | multiple ranges of movement
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| 3 types of synarthroses? | sutures, comphosis, synchondrosis
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| sutures synarthroses? | 2 bones joined with fibrous tissue i.e. in skull
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| gomphosis synarthroses? | ligament holds bones together. i.e. teeth held to sockets
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| synchondrosis synarthroses? | cartilage between 2 bones (hyaline cartilage) i.e. epiphess and shaft of diaphysis (epiphyseal line)
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| 2 types of amphiarthroses? | syndesmosis, synthesis
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| syndesmosis amphiarthroses? | ligament attaches 2 bones. i.e. between tibia and fibula
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| syntesis amphiarthroses? | fibral cartilage connects 2 bones i.e. between pubic bones (slight movement during childbirth) i.e. intervertebral cartilage
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| types of diarthroses/synovial joints | monoaxial, biaxial, triaxil, multiaxial or nonaxial
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| articular capsule | membrane that lies on outside, shells bone (synovial joint)
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| synovial membrane | (facing inside capsule, covers joint
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| synovial fluid | hyaluronic acid. most abundent compound inside. proteins
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| what are the important structures of a synovial joint? | articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, meniscus, fat pads, ligamentes, bursae, blood vessles and nerves
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| what are the functions of synovial fluid? | 1. lubrication 2. nutrient/waste regulation and exchange
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| what is the purpose of articular cartilage? | 1. reduce friction
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| what is the purpose of the meniscus? | help support joint, channel flow of synovial fluid
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| 2 types of ligaments in synovial joints? | 1. intracapuslar 2. extracapsular
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| what are the functions of fat pads? | 1. cushioning 2. shock absorption
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| what are busae? | small pockets of synovial fluidseperate from the articular capsule. lined by synovial membrane. located where tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues
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| purpose of bursae? | reduce friction between bones or muscles & bones
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| what is bursitis? | inflamation of a bursa. synovial membrane gets inflamed and causes pain and difficulty in moving
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| what does a ligament do in a synovial joint? | stabilizes the joint, effects movement.
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| what is an edema? | when fluid accumulate abnormally in cell. it can heppen in joints
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| what are the important structure outside the articular capsule of the tibiofermoral joint? | fibular collateral ligament, tibial collateral ligament, pateller ligament, quadriceps tendon, supropatellar bursa,
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| what's the proper name for the knee joint? | tibiofermoral joint
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| what are the important structure inside the articular capsule of the tibiofermoral joint? | artilcular cartilages, lateral and medial menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament
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| what happens when you hyperextend the tibiofermoral joint? | you injure the ACL
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| what's the proper name for the shoulder joint? | rotator cuff, glenal humeral joint
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| what are the important structures outside the articular capsule of the shoulder joint? | coracoaromial, acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular ligments, subacromial busa, subcoracoid bursa,
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| important structures inside the articular capsule of the rotator cuff | articular cartilage, labrum, articular capsul, synovial membrane,
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| how is the rotar cuff/glenal humeral joint different from the tibiofemoral joint? | it has more ligaments and bursae, does not have menisci
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| function of glenoidal labrum? | extension of articular cartilage that helps joint be more moveable
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| what is arthritis? | inflammation of the joints
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| what are the 2 types of arthritis? | rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis
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| osteoarthritis | common. occurs in aging people. cause unknown. articular cartilage deteriorates & bone spurs develop
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| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of synovial membrane, which causes breaking down of cartilage. synovial membrane increases in size and causes parrus. can spread to other membranes.
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| parrus | swelling of synovial membrane (rheumtoid arthritis)
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| treatment of rheumatoid arthitis? | surgery to remove parrus
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| which type of arthritis seems more deformed looking? | rheumetoid arthritis
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