Path Y2B2
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| malaria | feed on Hb of erythrocytes; p. vivax attach to rbc via Duffy blood group antigen | protozoa
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| f. falciparum | "malignant" form of malaria | protozoa
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| f. falciparum | PfEMP1 - makes rbc stick together (microcirulation disturbed) | protozoa
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| babesiosis | Ixodes sp. (hard tick); DD: lyme disease and/or erlichiosis, minority of pts will manifest mixed infections | protozoa
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| leishmaniasis | usu called by L.mexicanan and L. donovani; TX southward | protozoa
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| leishmaniasis | inflammatory papule which usu ulcerates, at the site of the bite (bagdad boil) followed by regional lymphadenopathy; parasite remains | protozoa
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| visceral leishmaniasis | (Kala Azar - India and Brazil) caused by L. donovani | protozoa
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| visceral leishmaniasis | Sx: papule at bite; asym., splenomegaly, anemia | protozoa
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| visceral leishmaniasis | result in intrauterine transmission and congenital visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis | protozoa
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| visceral leishmaniasis | disseminated can lead to multi-organ dysfxn and immune deficiency which predisposes to other infections | protozoa
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| chagas disease | infects leukocytes initally and other cells of the body after dissemination via blood and lymphatics | protozoa
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| chagas disease | infect myocardium; neurons of myenteric plexus -- esophagus, colon, ureters | protozoa
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| chagas disease | acute - inflammatory papule, lymphadenopathy, hepatospl.; latent - may last a few yrs; symptomatic - minority of pts: heart, bowel, CNS | protozoa
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| chagas disease | clinical manifestations often includes a combo of myocarditis, dilation of the esophagus, dilation of teh colon, and dilation of the ureter | protozoa
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| strongyloidiasis | autoinfection can lead to disseminated hyperinfection w/ invasion of a number of internal organs | worm
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| strongyloidiasis | in pt taking high doses of corticosteroids, chronic pneumonitis, incrased incidence of bac sepsis d/t bowel wall damage from invasive larvae | nematode
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| strongyloidiasis | only helminth able to complete entire life cycle in human host which can lead to autoinfection | nematode
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| cysticercosis | man ingests EGGS rather than encysted larva, becoming the intermediate (not definitive) host | cestode
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| cysticercosis | eggs rise larvae which penetrate the bowel (CNS, eyes, skeletal muscle, subq) | cestode
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| neurocysticercosis | high mortality rate and leads to the formation of multiple small cysts in the brain often exhibiting dystrophic clacification (seizures, hydrocephalus, chronic meningoencephalitis) | cestode
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| echinococcus species | larvae disseminate to the lungs and liver where they form hydatid cysts in humans (liver - multilocular) | cestode
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| ecinococcus species | larvae multiply in cysts which enlarge over yrs; can go to other organs | cestode
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| schistosomiaiss | trematode infections can be classified based on the tissue invaded by adult flukes (blood, liver, lung, intestine) | trematode
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| schistosomiaisis | "swimmer's itch" cercarial dermatitis | trematode
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| schistosomiaisis | Katayama syndrome (fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatospl.) | trematode
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| schistosomiasis | chronic form depends on tissue tropism of liver, intestinal, pelvic/urinary | trematode
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| schistosomiaisis | blood fluke, S. haematobium = squamous cell carcinoma of bladder | trematode
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| schistosomal dermatitis | non-path to humans as terminal hosts; enzymes for penetration cause intense inflammation and itching after abt 12 hrs | trematode
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| lymphatic filariasis | intense granulomatous inflammatory response leading to lymphatic channel obstruction and lymphedema (elephantitis) | nematode
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| acquired toxoplasmosis | injest meat, or ingest sporulated oocysts present in cat feces | protozoa
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| acquired toxoplasmosis | in immune deficient pts, it can lead to necrotizing lesions in the CNS, heart, lungs, eyes | protozoa
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| acquired toxoplasmosis | most common organ is CNS | protozoa
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| congenital toxoplasmosis | first trimester = low; second trimester = transmission to fetus almost always occurs, but effects on fetus are minimal | protozoa
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| congenital toxoplasmosis | toxoplasmosis triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcificaiton | protozoa
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| entamoeba histolytica | bowel mucosa ulcerations; 1 in 20 cases complicated by intestinal perforation | protozoa
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| entamoeba histolytica | amebic abscess in the liver; disseminated amebiasis is uncommon in immunocompetent, but does occur | protozoa
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| entamoeba histolytica | amebic colitis w/ mucosal inflammation and ulceration | protozoa
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| entaoeba histolytica | ameboma is tumor-like chronic inflammatory proliferation in the wall of the colon; systemic spread including lung, skin and liver | protozoa
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| Giardiasis | acute and chronic gastritis and/or enterocolitis but does NOT cause dysentery | (blank)
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| trichomonas | asym carriers; non-invasive infection in females (vaginitis) or males (urethritis); rarely causes cystitis in females or prostatitis in males | (blank)
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| trichomonas | strawberry cervix sign is highly correlated w/ T. vaginalis infection | (blank)
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| cryptosporidiasis | diarrhea; self-limited in immunocompetent; can lead to chronic diarrhea - malnutrition and dehydration via systemic dissemination | (blank)
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| ascariasis | chronic malnutrition; worms consume 10% of food | (blank)
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| ascariasis | intestinal obstruction due to heavy worm pop; infrequently causes bilary tract obstruction | (blank)
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| enterobius vermicularis | perianal pruritis (usu nocturnal) | (blank)
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| hookworms | serpiginous rash; cutaneous larva migrans | (blank)
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| hookworms | pneumonic phase; intestinal phase (iron deficiency anemia) -- sequele | (blank)
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| cutaneous larva migrans | self-limiting disease w/ cutaneous larvae dying and lesions resolving w/in 4-8wks | (blank)
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| cutaneous larva migrans | secondary bac infection is common (s. aureus or s. pyogenes) | (blank)
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| clonorchiasis | infects the bile passages; markedly increased incidence of suppurative cholangitis leading to acute biliary tract obstruction | flukeworm
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| fascioliasis | markedly increased incidence of suppurative cholangitis leading to acute biliary tract obstruction | flukeworm
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| fascioliasis | cliinal synopsis: spontaneous pneumothorax, chronic coughing, chronic dyspnea | flukeworm
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| dermatobiasis | botfly lays eggs on stomach of mosquite or other blood sucking insect | (blank)
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| dermatobiasis | eggs into human skin from bite; warble: larvae burrowed under skin | (blank)
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| dermatobiasis | NOT systemic, just remove from skin | (blank)
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| scabies | intense prutitis; linear erthematous lesions are often a/w inflammatory papules | (blank)
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| scabies | burrowing females avoid hairy areas: wrist, sides of fingers/feet, penis | (blank)
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