A&P 6&7 diseases 7
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| bone cells | osteocytes
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| made of calcium salts and collagen | matrix
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| two calcium salts that give bone strength | calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
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| their function is to regulate the amount of calcium that is deposited in or removed from the bone matrix | oseocytes
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| looks solid is precisely structured. made of osteons or haversian systems | compact bone
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| microscopic cylinders around central haversian canals | haversian systems
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| microscopic channels | canaliculi
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| bone tissue that looks spngy with visible holes and cavities | spongy bone
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| osteocytes matrix and blood vessels are present but are not in haversian systems | spongy bone
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| cavities contain red bone marrow | spongy bone
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| produces red blood cells, platelets, and the five kinds of white blood cells | spongy bone
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| bones of arms, legs,hands, and feet | long bones
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| shaft of long bone | diaphysis
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| ends of long bones | epephyses
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| is hollow and contains the marrow canal which is mostly adipose tissure | diaphysis
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| although this is present in epiphyses of childrens bones it is largely replaced by yellow bone marrow in adult bones | red bone marrow
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| bones of wrists and ankles | short bones
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| ribs, shoulder blades, hip bones, and cranial bones | flat bones
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| vertebrae and facial bones | irregular bones
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| made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone red marrow is found with the spongy bone | short flat and irregular bones
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| provides a smooth surface that covers the joint surfaces | articular cartilage
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| a fibrous connective tissue membrane whose collagen fibers merge with those of the tendons and ligaments that are attached to bone | periosteum
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| anchors tendons and ligaments and contain both the blood vessels that enter the bone itself and the osteoblasts that will become active if the bone is damaged | periosteum
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| during embryonic development the skeleton is first made of what two things that are gradually replaced with bone | cartilage and fibrous connective tissue
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| bone matrix is produced by cells called | osteoblasts
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| production of bone matrix is called | ossification
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| occification begins in a | center of ossification in each bone
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| cranial and facial bones are first made of | fibrous connective tissue
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| what month of fetal development do fibroblasts become more specialized and differentiate into osteoblasts which produce bone matrix | third month
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| fibrous connective tissue between the bones of the skull | fontels
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| the junction of the diaphysis with each epephysis where growth occurs | epiphyseal discs
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| are able to dissolve and reabsorb the minerals of bone matrix | osteoclasts
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| the process where minerals of the bone matrix are dissolved and reabsorbed | resorption
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| factors that affect bone growth and maintenace | heredity, nutrition, hormones, and exercise
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| two divisions of the human skeleton | axial and appendicular
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| forms the axis of the body | axial skeleton
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| supports the appendages or limbs | appendicular skeleton
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| which skeletal division consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage | axial skeleton
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| which skeletal division consists of the bones of the arms and legs and the shoulder and pelvic girdle | appendicular skeleton
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| forms the brain case that encloses and protects the brain, eyes, and ears | cranial bones
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| forms the forehead and anterior part of skull | frontal bone
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| form the posterior top and much of the side walls of the skull | parietal bones
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| one on each side of the skull that contains an external auditory meatus, a middle ear cavity, and an inner ear labrynth | temporal bone
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| forms the lower posterior part of the braincase | occipital bone
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| a large opening for the spinal cord and two condyles on either side of the first cervical vertebrae | occipital bone
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| shaped like a bat visible between the frontal and temporal bones | sphenoid bone
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| has a vertical projection called the crista galli that anchors the cranial meninges | ethmoid bone
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| immovabale joints | sutures
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| any junction of two bones | joint or articulation
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| suture between frontal and parietal bones | coronal suture
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| suture between the parietal and temporal bones | squamosal suture
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| suture between the occipital and parietal bones | lambdoidal suture
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| the only facial bone that is movable | mandible
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| type of joint between the madible and temporal bone | condyloid joint
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| two upper jaw bones also form the anterior portion of the hard palate | maxillae
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| form the bridge of the nose where they articulate with the frontal bone | nasal bones
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| bone at the medial side of each orbit | lacrimal bone
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| contains the lacrimal sac for tears | lacrimal canal
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| forms the point of a cheek | zygomatic bones
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| two bones that are the posterior portion of the hard palate | palantine bones
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| plow shaped bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum | vomer
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| located on either side of the vomer | conchae
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| air cavities located in the maxillae and frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones | paranasal sinuses
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| nasal cavities are lined with this | cilitated epithelium
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| air cavities that are in each of the temporal bones and open into the middle ear | mastoid sinuses
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| malleus, incus, and stapes | auditory bones
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| bones that transfer vibrations from the eardrum to the receptors in the inner ear | malleus, incus, and stapes
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| made of individual bones called vertebrae | vertabral column
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| first cervical vertebrae | atlas
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| second cervical vertebrae | axis
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| permits articulation of the two hip bones | sacrum
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| joints of the hip bones | sacroiliac joints
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| a continuous tunnel that contains the spinal cord and protects it from mechanical injury | vertebral canal
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| vertebrae are separated by these made of fibrous cartilage | discs
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| vertebrae have what type of joints | symphysis joints
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| referred to as hunchbackthoracic curve | kyphosis
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| referred to as swaybackexaggerated lumbar curve | lordosis
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| abnormal lateral curve | scoliosis
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| joints are classified by the | amount of movement possible
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| an immovable joint | synarthrosis
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| slightly movable joint | amphiarthrosis
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| freely movavable joint | diarthrosis
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| category of joint that includes the ball and socketjoint, the pivotal joint, hinge and others | diarthrosis
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| small sacs of synovial fluid between the joint and the tendons that cross over the joint | bursae
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| inflammaiton of a joint | arthritis
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| muscles that have opposing or opposite functions | antagonistic muscles
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| when a muscle contracts it | flexes
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| muscles that work together to perform a particular function | synergistic muscles
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| nerve impulses for movement come from | frontal lobes and the cerebrum
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| located below the occipital lobes of the cerebruuum | cerebellum
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| exercise that involves contraction with movement | isotonic exercise
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| exercise that involves contraction without movement | isometric exercise
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate
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| the shortening of a muscle as it exerts force | concentric contraction
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| lengthening of a muscle as it still exerts force | eccentric contraction
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| an energy transferring molecule | creatine phosphate
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| a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys | creatinine
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| most abundant energy souce in muscle fibers | glycogen
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