Goljan's F & E and Hemodynamic disorders
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| State 2 functions of K+ | 1) Regulate neuromuscular excitability and muscular contraction
2) Regulate insulin secretion
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| What are the ECG changes in a) Hypo-Kalemia? b) Hyper-Kalemia? | a) Hypo-K+ = U wave
b) Hyper-K+ = Peaked T waves
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| Is sweating a hypo/iso/hypertonic loss of Na+? | Hypotonic loss of Na+
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| Is adult diarrhea a hypo/iso/hypertonic loss of Na+? | Isotonic loss of Na+
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| Are pitting edema states (RHF, cirrhosis, neprotic) a hypo/iso/hypertonic loss/gain of Na+? | Hypotonic gain of Na+
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| Is salicylate intoxication a metabolic acidosis or respiratory alkalosis? | It is both. It is a primary metabolic acidosis, and a primary respiratory alkalosis.
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| What are the differences between transudate and exudate? | Transudate is protein-poor and cell-poor, produce pitting edema.
Exudate is protein-rich and cell-rich. No pitting edema.
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| State the 3 pathogenesis of thrombi. (Virchow's triad) | 1) Endothelial cell injury
2) Stasis of blood flow
3) Hypercoagulability
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| List the causes of Fat Embolism. | 1) MC due to fracture of long bones
2) trauma to fat-laden tissues, or fatty liver
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| Dx : During labor, abrupt onset of dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension, and bleeding. | Amniotic fluid embolism
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| List 2 acute complications of scuba diving. | 1) Pneumothorax
2) Pulmonary embolism
3) bends
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| List the changes during hypovolemic shock to : a) CO b) LVEDP c) PVR | a) decrease CO
b) decrease LVEDP
c) increased PVR
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| List the changes during cardiogenic shock to : a) CO b) LVEDP c) PVR | a) decreased CO
b) increased LVEDP
c) increased PVR
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| List the changes during septic shock to : a) CO b) LVEDP c) PVR | a) increased CO
b) decreased LVEDP
c) decreased PVR
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| What is the most common organism to cause septic shock? | Escherichia coli
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| Dx : Warm skin, bounding pulse, ARDS, DIC | Septic shock
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