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endocrine pancreas path

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Question
Answer
vipoma   rare, associated with Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia,and Achlorydria (a.k.a. verner-morrisonor, pancreatic cholera)  
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glucagonoma   rare, results in secondary DM and skin lesions called necrolytic migratory eryhtema  
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Gastrinoma   often malignant, sometimes extrapancreatic , associated with Sollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastric hyperscetion of hydrochloric acid, PUD, and hypergastrinemia)  
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Insulinoma   most common islet tumor, bening or malignant, increased insulin and C-peptide, characterized by whipple triad  
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changes in skin in DM   Xanthomas, furuncles and abscesses because of increased propensity to infection, frequent fungal infections(especially Candida)  
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changes in liver in DM   Fatty change  
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changes in eye in DM   cataracts and proliferative retinopathy ( characterized by retinal exudates, edema, hemorrhages and microaneurysms)  
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changes in cardiovascular in DM   atherosclerosis, MI and PVD, capillary basement membrane thickening  
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changes in kidney in DM   increased width of GBM,diffuse glomerulosclerosis and arteriolar lesions, pylonephritis  
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changes in pancreasin type 1 DM   islets small and beta cells decreased in number or absent; insulitis marked by lymphocytic infiltration an early change  
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changes in pancreas in type 2 DM   focal islet fibrosis with hyalinization with amylin  
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maturity onset diabetes   is an autosomal dominant syndrome causing mild hyperglycemia and hypsecreation of insulin with out loss of beta cells; onset earlier than with type 2  
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type 2 diabetes   onset in middle age, due to increased insulin resistance, positive family history, obesity, normal or increased insulin concentration, mild carbohydrate intolerance  
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type 1 diabetes   early onset, due to failure of insulin snthesis, genetic predisposition complicated by autoimmune inflamation  
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ketoacidosis   results from increased catabolism of fat with production of ketone bodies principally beta hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid  
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