intro to psych
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| smoking during pregnancy | stops oxygen flow to child and lowers birth weight and heart rate
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| neonatal visual range | can clearly see faces and objects up to 8-10 inches
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| visual cliff test | measures depth perception
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| gender constancy | realization that gender does not change with age
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| gender role awareness | knowledge of expected behaviors of males and females
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| gender identity | girl knows she's a girl; boy knows he's a boy
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| gender stereotype | general belief about characteristics that men and women are presumed to have
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| imaginary audience | adolescent's delusion that they are constantly observed by others
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| transition from dependence | stable sense of self allows independence
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| midlife crisis | radical change experienced by adults in response to a lack of fulfillment
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| late adulthood lifestyle | reduced social involvement and lower activity levels are more satisgying than staying at home
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| stages of dying | denial anger bargaining depression acceptance
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| Sigmund Freud | best known and most influential psychodynamic theorist
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| superego | moral watchdog over personality and psychosexual stages
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| Carl Rogers | unconditional positive regard
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| unconditional positive regard | full acceptance and love regardless of one's behavior
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| Eysenck definition of psychoticism | describes people characterized by insensitivity and uncooperativeness at one end and warmth, tenderness, and helpfulness at the other end
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| Erik Erikson | adults 25 to 60 need to establish a sense of generativity by remaining productive and creative
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| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | uses interpretation of picture to understand personality
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| Rorschach Test | uses ambiguous inkblots to understand personality
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| cognitive social learning | the way people think about, act on, and respond to their environment
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| mental process | center of personality
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| Oedipus complex | boy's sexual attachment to mother and jealosy of father
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| stress | experienced in pleasant and unpleasant situations
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| conflict | the need to choose between two incompatible demands
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| Kurt Lewin | avoidance/ avoidance conflict theory
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| avoidance/ avoidance conflict | theory of being repelled by two undesirable choices, with potential urge to escape
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| most effective way to cope | compromise goals during conflict
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| defensive coping | denial and displacement
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| denial | refusal to accept a painful or threatening reality
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| displacement | shifting repressed motives and emotions from original object to substitute object
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| frustration | caused by delays, lack of resources, losses and failures
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| PTSD | episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past event
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| coronary heart disease | anger, hostility, and depression increase risk
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| general adaption syndrome | Hans Seyle adapted three stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion
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| fight or flight response | release of stress hormones in a dangerous situation causing increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and perspiration
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| type A | respond to life events with hostility, urgency, and impatience
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| type B | respond to life events with a laidback, easygoing approach
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| percent of deaths related to human behavior | fifty
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| prejudice | more associated with attitude
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| discrimination | more associated with behavior
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| collectivist versus individualist cultures | more likely to help others in minor and urgent situations
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| more bystanders | less likely that person in need will be helped
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| altruism | helping others without expecting anything in return
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| conformity | voluntary yielding to social norms, even at the expense of personal preference
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| compliance | to change behaviors at someone's request
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| personal contact | the most effective method of changing someone's opinion
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| frustration aggression | theory that frustrated people turn anger from proper target to target that is safer to attack
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| unfair relationship | giver feels cheated and gainer feels guilty
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| discrimination | unfair act taken toward an entire group of people or individual members of that group
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| self-serving bias | to flip the results to complement yourself for efforts you did not invest
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| small group size | more productive
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