Business 115 chapters 8&9 Vocabulary terms
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| Economies of Scale | Situation where companies can reduce production costs if they can purchase materials in bulk
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| Hierachy | System where one person is at the top and a ranked ordering from top down
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| Chain of Command | line of authority from top of heirchy to the lowest level
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| Bureaucracy | organization with many layers of managers that set rules and regulations
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| Centralized Authority | structure when decision making is maintained at top level at companys headquarters
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| Decentralized Authority | when decision making authority is to lower-level managers at local conditions
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| Span Control | Optimum number of subordinates a manager supervises or should supervise
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| Tall organization structure | The pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall with various levels of managment
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| Flat organization structure | few layers of managment and broad span control
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| Departmentalization | The dividing of organizational functions
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| Line organization | direct 2 way lines of responsibility, authority, and comunication. Running from top to bottom.
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| Line personnel | Employees who are part of a chain of command, resposible for acheiving goals.
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| Matrix Organization | Specialists from different parts brought together to work on specific projects but remain part of lin-and-staff structure
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| Cross-Functional Self Managed Teams | Groups from diff departments working together on a long term basis.
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| Networking | Using communications technology to link organizations on common objectives.
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| Real time | The present moment
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| Transparency | A concept of companies working so close together that electronic information is shared as if they were one company
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| Virtual Corporation | Temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed.
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| Benchmarking | Comparing an organizations, practices, products, and processes against the worlds best.
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| Core Competencies | functions that the organization can do as well of better then any in the world.
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| Restructuring | Redesigning an organization for more effectivness
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| Inverted Organization | Organization that has contact people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom.
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| Organizational Culture | Widely shared values that provide unity to achieve goals.
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| Formal Organization | Details lines of authority,and position that is, the structure shown on charts.
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| Informal Organization | relationships and lines of authority develops spontaneously as employees meet and form power centers
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| Form Utillity | The value added by the creation offinished goods and services.
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| process manufacturing | part of the production process that physically or chemically changes materials
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| assembly process | part of the production process that puts together components
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| continuos process | production process in which long productions runs turn good over time.
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| intermittent process | process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products
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| Computer-aided design (CAD) | use of computers in the design of products
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| computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) | use of computer in manufacturing products
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| computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) | Uniting CAD and CAM
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| flexible manufacturing | designing machines to do mulitiple tasks to produse variety of products
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| Lean Manufacturing | Production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production
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| Mass Customization | Tailoring products to meet the needs of individual costomers.
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| facility location | process of selecting a geographic location for a companys operations
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| facility layout | physical arrangement of resources in the production process
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| Just -in-time | minimum inventory krpt in store and other delivered in time to replace
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| purchasing | searches for quality resources, finds best supliers, and negotiates price
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| Quality | constantly producing errors before and after delivery to the costomer
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| six sigma | quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities
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| Statisatical Quality Control (SQC) | continuesly moniter all phases of the production process
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