| Question |
 |
|
| Answer |
|
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| how many bones does the skull contain |
28 |
| How many auditory ossicles function in hearing |
6 |
| where are the 6 auditory ossicles located |
3 on each side of the head |
| what consists of 8 bones that encase and protect the brain |
cranial vault |
| the paired parietal bones join together at the |
sagittal suture |
| the parietal bones abut the frontal bone at the |
coronal suture |
| the occipital bone attaches to the parietal bones at the |
lambdoid suture |
| fibrous tissues called ____ link the sutures of the skull together |
fontanelles |
| at the base of each temporal bone is a cone shaped section of bone known as the |
mastoid process |
| The floor of the cranial vault is devided into how many compartments? Name them |
3. Anterior fossa, middle fossa, posterior fossa |
| what forms a prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa, and is the point of attachment for the meninges |
crista galli |
| what are the cranial nerves for smell |
the olfactory nerves |
| what is the chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth |
the nasal cavity |
| what lies on either side of the foramen magnum and are the points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column |
occipital condyles |
| what is the irregular shaped bone in the posterior nasal cavity called |
palatine bone |
| what bone extends along the front of the skull below the orbit |
zygomatic arch |
| how many facial bones form the structure of the face, without contributing to the cranial vault |
14 |
| two major nerves provide sensory and motor control to the face. Name them |
the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)and the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) |
| The ophthalmic nerve supplies sense to what |
the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, and conjunctiva |
| the maxillary nerve supplies sense to what |
the posterior part of the side of the nose, lower eye lid, cheek, upper lip |
| the mandibular nerve supplies sense to what |
the muscles of chewing, skin of the lower lip, chin, temporal region, and part of the external ear |
| the facial nerve supplies sense to what |
the muscles for facial expressions |
| Several bones associated with the nose contain cavities known as |
the paranasal sinuses |
| What is the largest movable bone forming the lower jaw and containing the lower teeth |
mandible |
| what "floats" in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible |
hyoid bone |
| the eyeball is also know as the |
globe |
| the globe is about ___ '' in diameter |
1 |
| what nerve innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and the upper eyelids |
oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve) |
| the whites of the eye are also known as |
the sclera |
| what is the transparent anterior portion of the eye that overlies the iris and pupil |
the cornea |
| what is the delicate mucus membrane that covers the sclera and internal surfaces of the eyelids but not the iris |
the conjunctiva |
| what is the pigmented part of the eye that surrounds the pupil |
the iris |
| what is behind the pupil and iris? It is a transparent structure that can alter it's thickness to focus light on the retina at the back of the eye |
the lens |
| what lies in the posterior aspect of the interior globe, is a delicate, 10-layered structure of nervous tissue that extends from the optic nerve |
retina |
| the anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a substance that if lost will gradually be replenished. what is it |
aqueous humor |
| the posterior chamber of the eye is filled with a substance that if lost will not replenish. What is it |
vitreous humor |
| a jelly like substance that maintains the shape of the globe, is |
vitreous humor |
| the optic nerve transmits an image to the brain, where it is converted into conscious imigaes in the |
visual cortex |
| which vision facilitates visualization of objects directly in front of you |
central vision |
| which vision gives us visualization of lateral objects while looking forward |
peripheral vision |
| what secrets and drains tears from the eye |
lacrimal apparatus |
| the ear is devided into 3 anatomical parts. what are they |
external, middle, and inner. |
| vibration of sound waves in against the tympanic membrane sets up vibration in the |
ossicles |
| how many permanent teeth does the normal adult mouth contain |
32 |
| the top portion of the tooth is called what |
the crown |
| what forms the principal mass of the tooth |
dentin |
| the sdockets in the gum for the tooth is called |
alveoli |
| the ridges between the teeth are called |
alveolar ridges |
| the chewing of food by the teeth is known as |
mastication |
| what arteries run laterally to the cervical vertebrae in the posterior part of the neck |
the vertebral arteries |
| the brain occupies how much of the cranial vault |
80% |
| there are 4 major regions of the brain. Name them |
the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and the cerebellum |
| the brain metabolizes how much of the bodies glucose. In % and in mg/min |
25%, 60mg/min |
| what is the largest portion of the brain, and what is it responsible for |
the cerebrum, higher functions such as reasoning |
| what is the largest portion of the cerebrum and what is it responsible for |
the cerebral cortex, it regulates voluntary skeletal movement, and level of awareness |
| what lobe is important for voluntary motor action and personality traits |
frontal lobe |
| what lobe controls the somatic, and voluntary sensory and motor functions for the opposite side of the body, as well as memory and emotions |
parietal lobe |
| what lobe is reponsible for processing visial information |
the occipital lobe |
| what lobe is the speech center located in |
the temporal lobe |
| where do you find the thalmus, subthalmas, and hypothalmas |
the diencephalon |
| what is located beneath the cerebral hemispheres in the inferoposterior part of the brain |
the cerebellum |
| what does the brain stem consist of |
the pons, midbrain, and the medulla |
| what is responsible for maintenance of consciousness |
RAS, reticular activating system |
| what has an important role in coordination of motor movements and posture |
basal ganglia |
| what influences emotions, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure |
limbic system |
| protective layers that surround and enfold the entire CNS are called |
Meninges |
| the outer most meninges layer is known as the |
dura mater |
| what structure seperates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and brain stem |
tentorium |
| The second meningeal layer is a delicate transparent membrane called |
the arachnoid |
| the third meningeal layer is known as the |
pia mater |
| where are the meningeal arteries located |
between the dura mater and the skull |
| bleeding above the dura mater is known as what type of bleed |
epidural hematoma |
| where is CSF manufactured |
in the ventricales of the brain |
| how much force is required to fracture the maxilla |
up to 150g |
| what is dental malocclusion |
misalignment of the teeth |
| what is a Le Forte I fracture |
a horizontal fracture of the maxilla |
| what is a Le Forte II fracture |
a pyramidal fracture involving the nasal bone, and the inferior maxilla |
| what is a Le Forte III fracture |
a fracture of all midfacial bones, seperating the entire midface from the cranium |
| what is diplopia |
double vision |
| what is the most common type of orbit fracture |
inferior |
| ~ how many eye injuries occure in the united states each year |
1.5 million |
| if there is a laceration of the globe itself what shouldn't you do |
apply pressure to the eye |
| what is bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye that obscures vision |
Hyphema |
| what is seperation of the inner layers of the retina from the underlying choroid |
retinal detachment |
| what is the most important symptom of an eye injury |
visual loss that does not improve when the patient blinks |
| what is the condition in which the pupils are not of equal size |
Anisocoria |
| If part of the globe is exposed what should you do |
gently apply a moist sterile dressing to prevent drying |
| when flushing an eye, you should always flush from what side of the eye |
the nose side, so you don't flush the material into the unaffected eye |
| what are the three different types of contact lenses. |
hard, rigid gaspermeable, and soft |
| when is the only indication for removing contact lenses in the field |
a chemical burn, because the chemical might be trapped under the contact lens |
| What is the Pinna |
the ear |
| when caring for an avulsed tooth, what shouldn't you do, and what should you preserve it in |
touch the root, and cold whole milk or sterile water or saline |
| what should you do with an open neck would |
seal it with an occlusive dressing immediately |
| what is tracheal transection |
when the trachea is seperated from the larynx |
| what can be used as a fast way to seal a small hole in the chest |
ECK electrodes |
| what does BTF stand for |
brain trauma foundation |
| according to BTF how many deaths occur anually from severe head injury |
52,000 |
| scalp lacerations often what |
indicate deeper more severe injuries |
| skull fractures are broken down into four different types. What are they |
Linear, depressed, basilar, open |
| Which fracture accounts for 80% of all fractures to the skull |
linear skull fractures |
| what skull fracture results from high-energy direct trauma to a small surface area of the head with a blunt object |
Depressed |
| What 2 regions of the skull are most susceptible to a depressed skull fracture due to bone thickness |
the frontal and parietal |
| What skull fracture is associated with high energy trauma, but they usually occur following diffuse impact to the head |
Basilar |
| What is defined as a traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes |
traumatic brain injury |
| Normal ICP in adults ranges from |
0-15mm Hg |
| what is the pressure of blood flow through the brain |
CPP, Cerebral profusion pressure |
| what is the average pressure against the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle |
MAP, Mean arterial pressure |
| What is the critical minimum threshold |
the minimum CPP required to adequately to profuse the brain |
| what is the minimum CPP required to profuse the brain |
60mm Hg |
| A CPP below 60mm Hg does what |
doubles the patients chance of dying |
| The body responds to a decrease in CPP by increasing the MAP. This is known as |
autoregulation |
Biology Lab Midterm
