| Question |
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| Answer |
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| ~ _____% of all civillian fire related deaths occur in residential constructions |
82% |
| Who is at particularly high risk of dying in fires |
children younger then 5 and alderly people |
| the skin is also known as what |
The integument system |
| what is the largest and one of the most complex organs of the body |
the skin |
| the epidermis itself is made up of how many layers |
4 |
| When the outermost layer of dead cells shed from the skin, is referred to as |
desquamation |
| what blood vessels serve a crucial role in regulating body temperature by regulating the volume of blood that flows from the core to the surface |
Cutaneous blood vessels |
| what is the average volume of sweat lost in a 24 hour period of normal conditions |
500-1000cc |
| Closely monitoring what in burn patients may indicate airway burns |
nasal hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes |
| at the neck of each hair follicle is a subacious gland that produces what |
sebum |
| sebum is believed to do what |
keep the skin supple so it doesn't dry out and crack |
| when sebaceous glands become block a hard ______ forms |
comedo |
| occular damage is a common result of ______ injury. |
alkali |
| the ______ the ______ of the substance the more severe the damage to the eye |
higher, base |
| What burn is sometimes called trauma by fire |
thermal burn |
| Most commonly a thermal burn is caused open flame, resulting in what kind of burn |
flame burn |
| hot liquids produce what type of burn |
scald burn |
| ~ how many scald burns result anually form spilled food and beverages. |
100,000 |
| Coming in contact with hot objects causes what type of burn |
contact burn |
| what type of burn can produce a topical burn |
steam burn |
| what is notorious for causing airway burns |
steam |
| Inhalation of hot gases may cause what |
supraglottic |
| A flash burn is caused by what |
the flash of an explosion |
| burn shock occurs because of 2 types of injuries, what are they |
fluid loss across damaged skin, and a series of volume shifts within the rest of the body |
| application of what may help to reduce some minor edema in airway burns |
cool mist |
| Heat inhilation may produce what |
laryngospasm, and bronchospasm in the lower airway |
| What should be considered whenever a group of people in the same place all complain of nausea, or ha |
carbon monoxide poisoning |
| CO binds to the receptor sites of hemaglobin how many more times then O2 |
250 |
| There are 6 different kinds of chemical burns. What are they |
reduction, oxidation, corrosion, protoplasmic poisons, desecration, and vesication |
| in a reduction chemical burn, what happens |
protein denaturation following exposure to a reducing agent |
| in a Oxidation chemical burn, what happens |
a chemical inserts oxygen, sulfur or a halagon |
| in a Corrosion chemical burn, what happens |
Chemicals corrode the skin and cause protein denaturation |
| in a Protoplasmic poison chemical burn, what happens |
chemicals that form esters with proteins or that bind or inhibit the inorganic ions needed for the bodys normal functions |
| in a Desecration chemical burn, what happens |
Desiccants that damage the body by extracting water from tissues |
| in a vesication chemical burn, what happens |
Vesicants rapidly produce cutaneous blisters and typically are referred to as chemical warfar agents |
| Their are three different classifications for electrical burns. Define each |
The most common is the type I and is a contact burn. The type II is an arch burn caused by a flash. The third is a flame burn caused by electricity ignighting a persons clothing or surroundings |
| What are the two most common causes of death from electrical injury |
Asphyxia, and cardia arrest |
| When might asphyxia occur during an electrical injury |
when prolonged contact induces tetanic contractions of the respiratory muscles, or the shock wipes out the respiratory center in the brain |
| Severe tetanic muscle spasms can cause what |
bone fractures |
| What are the 2 common cardiac dysrrhythmias from electrical injuries |
a-fib and a-flutter |
| Lightnings energy can reach how many volts and amps |
100 million volts and 200,000 amps |
| In radiation their are 3 different types, name them |
alpha, betta, and gamma |
| With alpha radiation what will stop the wave |
the skin |
| in betta radiation what will stop the wave |
the proper protective clothing |
| gamma radiation will be stopped by what |
nothing. it easily passes through the skin and solid objects |
| Mild radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what |
1-2 Gy |
| Moderate radiation sickness can be expected with exposures of what |
2-5 Gy |
| What radiation amount can be immediately fatal |
8 GY |
| What can cause hematologic, CNS, and GI changes |
acute radiation syndrome |
| A surgical cut through burned tissue to allow for swelling and advanced fluid management is referred to as |
escharotomy |
| If bits of smoldering cloth adhere to the skin, what should you do |
not pull it off, but instead cut it away |
| Combative patients suspected of burns should be considered what untill proven otherwise |
HYPOXIC |
| Anyone suspected of having a burn to the upper airway may benefit from |
hummidified, cool oxygen |
| burn shock typically occurs how long after the burn |
6-8 HOURS |
| the central area of the skin that suffers the most damage from a burn is called |
zone of coagulation |
| the peripheral area surrounding the zone of coagulation is known as what |
zone of stasis |
| the area that is least affected by the burn is known as |
zone of hyperemia |
| a 1st degree burn is a _______ and involves |
superficial burn, the epidermis only. |
| a 2nd degree burn is a ________ and involves |
partial thickness burn, the epidermis and varying degrees of the dermis |
| a 3rd degree burn is a ________ and involves |
full thickness burn, envolves both layers and the basement membrane |
| WHat should you check and document in burned extremities often |
distal pulses |
| what is the parkland formula |
4MLxKGx% of body surface burned |
| In the perkland formula how much of that should be given in the first 8 hours |
HALF |
| why should you never apply ice to a burn |
it can exacerbate the tissue injury |
| a burned extremity should have what done to minimize edema |
elevate |
| alkali burns caused by lime become what when combined with water |
become very corrosive |
| what type of burn should be covered with oil |
a sodium metal burn, because when mixed with water produce considerable heat and may explode |
| Hydrofloric acid burns that exceed ___ - ____ % of the body can be fatal |
3-5% |
| what is the fifth leading cause of death in the work place |
electrocution |
| when voltage is low current follows what |
pathe of least resistance |
| when voltage is high current follows |
the shortest path |
| AC or DC current is most likely to induce V-fib |
AC |
| radiation injury follows what |
the inverse square law |
| the reliable waking rate in children less then 15 may be as low as |
6% |
| why might children, and elderly suffering from burns require glucose |
they have poor glycogen stores |
| ~ ______ older adults die of fire related causes each year, making it the ____ leading cause of death in this population |
1200, 6th |
| In elderly patients being treated for burn injuries should be monitored for what during fluid resuscitation |
pulmonary edema |
| People with major burn injuries average how many days in the hospital for how much TBSA burned |
1 day for 1% TBSA |
Beef Production
