Stack #240023
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| Seizures is the | uncontrolled rapid & repeated depolarization of neurons in the cerebral cortex which causes interference to normal brain functions
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| Epilepsy ia chronic disorder | recurrence can be over min, hours, days, weeks, months
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| Causes of seizures | structural changes, CVA, medication, metabolic factors, triggering events, idiopathic
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| 3 Phases of seizures | preictal, ictal, postictal
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| Preictal phase of seizures | the seizure may be started by a trigger &/or proceded by an aura
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| Ictal phase of seizures | begins in the cerebral cortex, increase metabolic demand for O2 & glucose, cerebral blood flow forced to increase or results in anaerobic metabolism, increased cellular lactate production
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| Postictal phase of seizures | has decreased responsiveness, feels fatigued, may not remember having a seizure
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| 3 types of partial seizures | simple(no impairments to consciousness, pt is awake), complex (consciosness impaired), evolving (partial that progresses to generalized)
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| 6 types of generalized seizures | absence, myoclonic, cloni, tonic, toni-clonic, atonic
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| Generalized absence seizure | staring into space
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| generalized myoclonic seizures | spastic jerks
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| generalized clonic seizures | rhythmic repetitive bilateral extremities movements
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| generalized tonic seizures | muscles contract
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| generalized tonic-clonic seizures (most common) | contractions, flexion, bowel/bladder incontinence
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| generalized atonic seizure | drop seizure, total lose of muscles
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| What is status epilepticus | seizure activity/neuronal firing is self-limiting & sometimes does not stop, x> 5 minutes, 2+ seizures with no recovery phase, emergency
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| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain including the cortex & meninges, brain swells & has nowhere to go ICP increases
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| symptoms of encephalitis | fever, increase WBC, ha, seizures, meningeal irritation( stiff neck), photophobia, changes of LOC, behavioral changes, motor changes, focal neurological defects
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| Encephalitis is diagnosed via | CT scan, MRI, EEG, LP, brain biopsy
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| Treatment of encephalitis | antiviral (herpes zosters), rapid ID of bug, right medication
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| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges(dura, subarachnoid, pia mater), usually caused by bacterial, viral, fungal can result in encephalitis due to infection into brain & around spinal cord
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| If patient has a positive Babinski or Kernig sign | indicative of meningitis
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| CN disfuntion with meningitis are | CNIII,IV,VI ocular palsies, CN VII facial paresis, CN VIII hearling loss & dizziness
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| Meningitis is diagnosed via | LP, CSF analysis, xyay, CT, MRI
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| Treatment of meningitis | ATB therapy, safety, watch for neuro deterioration, nutrition, pain medication for HA, isolation precautions
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| Brain abscess is a localized collection of | purulent material caused by an infection that extends into the cerebral tissue, carried through the body, space occupying tumor,
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| Brain abscess symptoms | fever, chills, HA, increased ICP, focal deficits
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| Brain abscess ID | ID bug, CT scan, LP, MRI
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| Brain abscess treatment | treat preexisting condition, ICP monitoring, sx or obtain biopsy, drain, remove capsule
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| TBI mechanism of injury | blunt (accelerated/decelerated, rotational, compression) & penetrating
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| TBI due to blunt | brain striking against skull causes displacement of the brains's protective spinal fluid
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| TBI due to penetration | the bone is broken through and there is contact with brain
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| Primary brain injury is the | initial injury to the brain i.e. blunt injury, penetration
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| Secondary brain injury is the | injuries resulting from initial injury i.e. trauma, hemorrhage, ischemic event
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| Brain tumors primary & secondary | primary comes from the tissue, secondary comes from metastasize from other areas of the body
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| Brain tumors are diagnosis via | CT scan, MRI,
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| Postop care of brain tumor patient | neuro checks frequent, symptom control nausea, pain, avoid increasing ICP, monitor DI, support fluids
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