| Question |
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| Answer |
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| What describes a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system in which blood circulation slows and eventually ceases |
shock |
| How much does the average male heart weight in oz |
10-12oz |
| how much does the average female heart weight in oz |
8-10oz |
| where does the heart lie in the chest |
roughly 2/3rds of the heart lies in the left part of the mediastinum. |
| The upper and lower portions of the heart are seperated by what |
atrioventricular valves |
| What is located between the ventricules and the arteries into which they pump blood |
semiluner valves |
| The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is called what |
afterload |
| A higher afterload therfore reduces what |
stroke volume |
| what is the amount of blood ejected per contraction |
stroke volume |
| cardiac out put is = to what |
stroke volume x pulse rate |
| Increased venous return to the heart stretches the ventricles somewhat, resulting in what |
increased cardiac contractility |
| The theroy that when the heart is stretched it will contract more forecfully is known as the |
starling law of the heart |
| Although the amount of blood returning to the right atrium varies somewhat from minute to minute, a normal heart continues to pumop the same % of blood returned. This is called |
the ejection fraction |
| What consists of plasma and the formed elements or cells that are suspended in the plasma |
blood |
| What is a watery, strw-colored substance that accounts for more then half of the total blood volume |
plasma |
| What is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal |
perfusion |
| The heart needs ___________ perfusion, or it will not function properly |
constant |
| the brain and spinal cord can go how long without perfusion before the nerve cells will be permanently damaged. |
4-6 minutes |
| The kidneys will be permanently damaged after how many minutes without perfusion |
45 minutes |
| Skeletal muscles can go how long without perfusion untill they are damaged |
2 hours |
| why is a cold organ better able to resist hypoperfusion |
it slows the bodys metabolism |
| the adult male body contains how many ml of blood per kilo |
70ml |
| the adult female body contains how many ml of blood per kilo |
65ml |
| The body can not tolerate an acute blood loss of more the _____% the total blood volume |
20% |
| When platelets aggregate at the site of a cut vessel plugging the hole and sealing the injured portion of the blood vessel, this is called what |
hemostasis |
| The passage of dark terry stoles is known as what |
melena |
| The passage of stools containing bright red blood is called |
hematochezia |
| An air splint is typically inflated to what |
50mm Hg |
| The application of a touniquets can cause permanent damage to what |
nerves, muscles and blood vessels resulting in the loss of the limb |
| MAST pants are pumped up to what pressure |
where the velcro crackles |
| When apply MAST pants to a fractured femure you should also apply what |
traction splint |
| Before inflating MAST pants you should always first listen to what |
breath sounds |
| When using MAST pants to stabilize a pelvic fracture you should inflate till what |
the pants are firm to the touch |
| There is only one instance you would deflate MAST pants in the field, with medical controls guidance. Name it |
when you suspect a ruptured diaphragm. |
| In any patient with unexplained shock you should always suspect what type of shock |
hypovolemic shock |
| In an effort to maintain circulation of blood to the brain, your body will shunt blood from what tissues. List them in order from first to last |
Placenta, skin, muscles, gut, kidneys, liver, heart, lungs |
| the golden hour of truama came from what concept |
that if blood supply is inadequate to major organs for more then 60 minutes they often will lead to death |
| the most common cause of exogenous hypovolemic shock is what |
external bleeding |
| the most common cause of endogenous hypovolemic shock is what |
internal bleeding |
| the body can only handle _________ _________ for a limited amount of time. |
anaerobic metabolism |
| During anearobic metabolism, incomplete ______ _______ ______ leadts to an acumulation of pyruvic acid |
glucose break down |
| When aortic pressures fall below a MAP of _____ the coronary arteries no longer fill, the heart is weakend and the CO falls |
60mm Hg |
| What is a progressive condition characterized by combined failure of several organs |
Multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome |
| what aqre the 3 successive phases of shock |
compensated, decompensated, and irreversible |
| The earliest stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss is known as |
Compensated shock |
| A stage of shock where the a BP starts to fall is what |
decompensated |
| When shock progresses to a terminal stage of shock |
IRREVERSIBLE |
| What are probably the 2 earliest signs of shock |
restlessness and anxiety |
| what may be the last measurable factor to change in shock |
BP |
| Infants and children can maintain BP until they loose ~ how much of their blood volume |
half |
| what causes weak and thready pules |
when the vessels are now very narrow and not much volume is moving through them |
| To determine how well the vital organs are being profused you must rely on the patients what |
state of consciousness |
| A systolic BP of 100-130 will get a fluid bolus of what |
250ml |
| A systolic BP of 80-90 will get a fluid bolus of what |
500ml |
| A systolic BP of 50-80 will get a fluid bolus of what |
1000ml |
| ~ how much of infused NS, when given as a bolus, diffuses out of the intravaculature space and in how much time |
60% in 20 minutes |
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