Muscles, innervations, orginis, insertions, actions, and mmt

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Temporalis Origin

Origin: Temporal fossa and fascia

Masseter Innervation

Trigeminal

Temporalis Innervation

Trigeminal

Temporalis Action

Closes the jaw

Masseter Origin (Superficial portion)

Zygomatic process of themaxilla and lower border of the zygomatic arch

Masseter Insertion (Superficial portion)

Angle and ramus of the mandible

Masseter Action (both portions)

Closes the jaw

Masseter Origin (Profundus portion)

Posterior 1/3 of inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic arch

Masseter Inserstion (Profundus portion)

Superior 1/2 of ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible

Medial Pterygoid Innervation

Trigeminal

Buccinator Innervation

Facial

Buccinator Action

Compresses the cheeks

Orbicularis Oris Innervation

Facial

Orbicularis Oris Action

Closes lips and protrudes them forward

Mentalis Innervation

Facial

Mentalis Action

Raises and protrudes the lower lip and wrinkles the skin on chin, as in pouting

Levator Anuli Oris Innervation

Facial

Levator Anguli Oris Action

Depresses the nasolabial furrow, as in expressions of contempt or disdain

Zygomaticus Major Innervation

Facial

Zygomaticus Major Action

Draws angle of the mouth up and out , as in a smaile

Corrugator Supercilli Innervation

Facial

Corrugator Supercilli Action

Draws the eyebrow downward and inward with vertical wrinkles in forehead; "frownign muscle"

Temporalis Insertion

Insertion: Coronoid process & anterior border of ramis of the mandible

Medial Pterygoid Origin

Medial surface of the lateral ptergyoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone and tuberosity of the maxilla

Medial Pterygoid Insertion

Interior & posterior part of medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandibular foramen

Medial Pterygoid Action

Closes the jaw

Frontalis Innervation

Facial

Frontalis Action

Raises the eyebrow and wrinkles the forehead, as in expressions of suprise or fright

Depressor Anguli Oris Innervation

Facial

Depressor Anuli Oris Action

Depresses the angle of the mouth

Orbicularis Oculi Innervation

Facial

Orbicularis Oculi Action

Closes the eye

Platysmus Innervation

Facial

Platysmus Action

Retracts and depresses the angle of the mouth

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation

C2, 3, 4, Spinal accessory cranial nerve XI

Sternocleidomastoid Medial or Sternal Head Origin

Cranial part of the manubrium sterni

Sternocleidomastoid Lateral or Clavicular Head Origin

Medail 1/3 of clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid Medial or Sternal Head Insertion

Lateral surface of mastoid process

Sternocleidomastoid Lateral or Clavicular Head Insertion

Lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Sternocleidomastoid Action Bilaterally

Extenstion, flexion, and lateral flexion

Sternocleidomastoid Action Unilaterally

Rotation towards the opposite side

Scalenus Anterior Innervation

VPR, C4,5,6

Scalenus Anterior Origin

Anterior tubercle of transverse processes of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae

Scalenus Anterior Insertion

Scalene tubercle and cranial crest of the first rib

Scalenus Anterior Action Bilaterally

Flexion and lateral flextion of neck

Scalenus Anterior Action Unilaterally

Rotation towards the same side

Scalenus Medius Innervation

VPR, C3-8

Scalenus Medius Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-7

Scalenus Medius Insertion

First rib, cranial surface between tubercle and subclavian groove

Scalenus Medius Action Bilaterally

Lateral flexion of the neck

Scalenus Medius Action Unilaterally

Rotation towards opposite side

Scalenus Posterior Innervation

VPR, C6-8

Scalenus Posterior Origin

By two or three tendons from posterior tubercles of transverse processes of last two or three cervical vertebrae

Scalenus Posterior Insertion

Outer surface of the second rib

Scalenus Posterior Action Bilaterally

Lateral flexion of the neck

Scalenus Posterior Action Unilaterally

Rotation towards opposite side of neck

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major Innervation

Dorsal Ramus of C1

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin

Starts by a pointed tendon from the spine of the axis and becoming broader as it ascends

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Insertion

Attached to the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the bone immediately below the line

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action Bilaterally

Extends the head

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action Unilaterally

Turns the face towards the same side

Recus Capitis Posterior Minor Innervation

Dorsal Ramus of C1

Rectus Capitis Minor Origin

Arises by a narrow pointed tendon from teh tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1)

Rectus Capitis Minor Insertion

Medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and also the bone between teh line and the foramen magnum

Rectus Capitis Minor Action

Extension of the neck

Obliquus Capitis Superior Innervation

Dorsal Ramus of C1

Obliquus Capitis Superior Origin

Arrises by tendinous fibers from the upper surface of the transverse processes of C1

Obliquus Capitis Superior Insertion

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines, lateral to teh semispinalis capitis and overlapping the insertion of the recuts capitis posterior major

Obliquus Capitis Superior Action

Extension and lateral flexion of the neck

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Innervation

Dorsal Ramus of C1

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin

Lateral surface of the spine and adjacent part of the upper part of the lamina of C1

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Insertion

Lower and back part of the transverse process of C1

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Action

Unilaterally-rotation of head to same side

Splenius Capitus Innervation

Dorsal Rami of C1-8

Splenius Capitus Action Unilaterally

Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the ssame side

Splenius Capitis Action Bilaterally

Extension of the neck

Splenius Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal Rami C1-8

Splenius Cervicis Action Bilaterally

Extension of neck

Splenius Cervicis Action Unilaterally

Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the neck, turning face towards the same side

Semispinalis Cervicis Innervation

dorsal rami of C1-8

Semispinalis Cervicis Action

Extension of vertebral column and rotation toward opposite side in upper thoracic and cervical areas

Semispinalis Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal Rami of C1-8

Semispinalis Cervicis Action

Extension of vertebral column and rotation toward opposite side in upper thoracic and cervical areas

Semispinalis Capitis Innervation

Dorsal Rami of C1-8

Semispinalis Capitis Action

Extension of neck and rotation of head toward opposite side

Longissimus Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal Rami of C1-8

Longissimus Cervicis Action

Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column in cervical area; draws ribs downward

Cervical Erector Spinae Innervation

Dorsal Rami C1-8

Cervical Erector Spinae Action

Extension of vertebral column in cervical region

Longus Colli Innervation

Ventral Rami of C2-6

Longus Colli Action

Neck flexion

Longus Capitus Innervation

Ventral Rami of C1-5

Longus Capitus Action

Neck Flexion

Rectus Capitus Anterior and Lateralis Innervation

Branches from the loop between VPR of C1 and C2

Rectus Capitus Anterior and Lateralis Action

Neck Flexion

Lumbar Erector Spinae Innervation

Adjacent DPR of spinal nerve

Lumbar Erector Spinae Action

Back Extension

Lumbar Multifidus Innervation

Adjacent DPRof spinal nerve

Lumbar Multifidus Action

Back Extension

Quadratus Lumborum Innervation

Ventral Rami of T12, L1,2,3

Quadratus Lumborum Origin

Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest

Quadratus Lumborum Insertion

Inferior border of the last rib and transverse procersses of L1-4

Quadratus Lumborum Action

Elevation of pelvis on side being tested

Rectus Abdominis Innervation

Ventral Primary Rami of T6-12 and L1

Rectus Abdominis Origin

Pubic crest and symphysis

Rectus Abdominis Insertion

Costal cartilages of the 5-7th ribs and xiphoid process

Rectus Abdominis Action

Flexes the vertebral column by approximating the thorax and pelvis anteriorly with the pelvis fixed, the thorax will move toward the pelvis; withthe thorax fixed the pelvis will move toward the thorax

Internal Oblique Lower Anterior Fibers Innervation

Ventral Rami T6-12

Internal Oblique Lower Anterior Fibers Origin

Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament and short attachment on iliac crest near ASIS

Internal Oblique Lower Anterior Fibers

With the transverse abdominis into cres of the pubis medial part of the pectineal line and into the lina alba by means of an aponeurosis

Internal Oblique Lower Anterior Fibers Action

Compress and support teh lower abdominal viscera in conjunction with the transversus abdominus

Internal Obliques Upper Anterior Fibers Innervation

VPR T6-12

Internal Obliques Upper Anterior Fibers Origin

Anteior 1/3 of intermediate line of iliac crest

Internal Obliques Upper Anterior Fibers Insertion

Linea alba by means of aponeurosis

Internal Obliques Upper Anterior Fibers Action Bilaterally

Flex vertebral column and support and compress the abdominal viscera, depress the thorax ande assist in respiration

Internal Obliques Upper Anterior Fibers Action Unilaterally

In conjunction with anterior fibers of external obliques on the opposite side, the upper anterior fibers rotate the vertebral column, bringing the thorax backwards when pelvis is fixed or the pelvis forward when thorax is fixed

Internal Obliques Lateral Fibers Innervation

VPR T6-12

Internal Obliques Lateral Fibers Origin

Middle 1/3 of intermediate line of the iliac crest and the thoracolumbar fascia

Internal Obliques Lateral Fibers Insertion

Inferior borders of ribs 10-12 and the linea alba by means of an aponeurosis

Internal Obliques Lateral Fibers Action Bilaterally

Flex the vertebral column and depress thorax

Internal Obliques Lateral Fibers Unilaterally

with the lateral fibers of the external oblique on the same side laterally flex the vertebral column; also act with external oblique on opposite side to rotate the vertebral column

External Oblique Anterior Fibers Innveration

VR T6-12

External Oblique Anterior Fibers Origin

External Surfaces of ribs 5-8, interdigitating with the serratus anterior

External Oblique Anterior Fibers Insersion

Into a broad, flat aponeurosis, terminating in the linea alba, which is a tendinous raphe that extends from teh xiphoid

External Oblique Anterior Fibers Action Bilaterally

Flex the vertebral column, support and compress the abdominal vicera, depress the thorax and assist in respiration

External Oblique Anterior Fibers Unilaterally

With anterior fibers of internal oblique, rotate the vertebral column, bring the thorax forward when pelvis is fixed and vice versa

External Oblique Lateral Fibers Origin

External surface of the 9th rib, interdigitating with the serratus antrior, and external surfaces of the 10th-12th ribs, interdigitating with the latissimus dorsi

External Oblique Lateral Fibers Insertion

as the inguinal ligament, into the anterosuperior spine and pubic tubercle and into the external lip of the anterior 1/2 of the iliac crest

External Oblique Lateral Fibers Innervation

Dorsal rami of T6-12

External Oblique Lateral Fibers Action Bilaterally

Flex the vertebral column with a major infuence on the lumbar spine, tilting the pelvis posteriorly

External Oblique Lateral Fibers

With the fibers of the internal oblique on the same side, these fibers of the external oblique latterally flex the vertebral column (comparable to the sternocleidomastoid's action on the head)