Bowel Elimination
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| megacolon | permanent distention of large intestine--causes disturbances in defecation
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| stimulates mass peristalsis each time a large meal is consumed | gastrocolic reflex
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| medical term for bearing down | Valsalva's maneuver
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| who's in control here? | sphincters
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| Why can't babies control defecation? | immature neuromuscular function
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| CONTROLABLE factors affecting bowel elimination in elders | poor intake, poor chewing, dehydration
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| narcotics/opioids affect bowel elimination how? | CONSTIPATION
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| antibiotics can affect bowel elimination how? | DIARRHEA
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| ileostomy is an opening into the _______. | ileum
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| Percussive note over gas-filled organ | Tympany
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| Ova and Parasite (O&P) specimen handling | clean (labeled) container, transport to lab immediately
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| Definition of Constipation | No BM x 3 days (decreased transit time will lead to hard, dry feces)
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| Impaction | Hard, dry stool obstructs or partially obstructs lg intestine, cannot be excreted. Liquid feces may leak around the impaction and be mistaken for diarrhea.
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| Enema for gas distension | Harris Flush/Return Flow
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| Important sequela of diarrhea | fluid and electrolyte imbalance
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| Prevent constipation by: | ^fluids, ^fiber, ^activity, privacy, medications
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| Metamucil | bulk-forming laxative--enc. fluids, take immediately after mixing
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| Dulcolax | Cathartic (strong laxative action)
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| Colace, Surfak | emollients/stool softeners (gentle action)
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| Foods affecting Hemoccult test results | red meat, raw cruciate vegetables, horseradish, parsnips, radishes, turnips, melons, Vitamin C
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| Confirmation of impaction | digital exam, abdominal palpation, radiographs
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| Fecal matter components | undigested waste, bacteria, water
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| Encopresis | bowel incontinence with no physical cause
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| Hypertonic enema | small volume, avoid in sodium restriction
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| Isotonic enema | no net water flow--works by distension of colon, safe for children
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| Hypotonic enema | Water moves into tissues, useful for dehydration.
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| bisacodyl suppository mechanism of action | local irritation of GI mucosa
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| Site of suppository insertion (where does it "land"?) | beyond the internal anal sphincter
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| recommended fiber intake | 25-35 g per day
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Created by:
okwhitney