Middle East Vocabulary
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| Torah | the first five books of the Hebrew Bible- the most sacred writings in the Jewish tradition
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| Abraham | the "father" of the Hebrew people chosen by God
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| Moses | the man who led the Hebrews out of slavery
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| Israel | a kingdom of the united Hebrews in Palestine, lasting from about 1020 to 922 B.C.; later, the northernmost of the two Hebrew kingdoms; now, the Jewish nation that was established in Palestine in 1948.
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| Palestine | a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea that was inhabited by the Phoenicians
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| assyria | a Southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850 to 612 B.C.
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| Nebuchadnezzar | a Chaldean king who restored Babylon
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| Cyrus | Persia's king in 550 B.C.
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| Darius | a noble of the ruling dynasty who seized the Persian throne in 522-521 B.C.
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| Royal Road | a road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia
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| Zoroaster | a Persian prophetand religious reformer who lived around 600 B.C.
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| Allah | God (an Arabic word, used mainly in Islam)
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| Islam | a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century A.D.
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| Muslim | a follower of Islam
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| Hijrah | Muhammad's migration form Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in A.D. 622
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| Qur'an | the holy book of Islam
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| Five Pillars | the duties to demonstrate a Muslim's submission to the will of God: faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage
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| Sunna | an Islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of Muhammad
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| Shariah | a body of law governing the lives of Muslims
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| Caliph | a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government
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| House of Wisdom | a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s
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| calligraphy | the art of beautiful handwriting
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| mamelukes | Turkish slaves who served as soldiers and bodyguards in the Abbasid Empire
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| Seljuks | a Turkish group who migrated into the Abbasid Empire in the 10th century and established their own empire in the 11th century
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| vizier | a prime minister in a Muslim kingdom of empire
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| Malik Shah | the most famous of Seljuk sultans
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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