| Question |
 |
|
| Answer |
|
|
| alimentary canal |
the digestive tract as a whole |
| bolus |
a small, rounded mass of masticated food to be swallowed |
| cholecystectomy |
the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| chyme |
partially digested food mixture leaving the stomach |
| deglutition |
swallowing |
| dental caries |
decay of teeth |
| diarrhea |
defecation of liquid feces |
| digestion |
the breakdown of food materials either mechanically or chemically |
| duodenal papilla |
ducts located in the middle third of the duodenum that empty pancreatic digestive juices and bile from the liver into the small intestine; there are two ducts, the major duodenal papillae and the minor papillae |
| duodenum |
the first subdivision of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs |
| emulsify |
in digestion, when bile breaks up fat |
| feces |
waste material discharged from the intestines |
| fractal geometry |
the study of surfaces with a seemingly infinite area, such as the lining of the small intestine |
| frenulum |
the thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
also known as GERD, a set of symptoms resulting from a hiatal hernia that allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus; symptoms include heartburn or chest pain and coughing or choking during or just after a meal |
| gastroesophageal sphincter |
a ring of smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach at the lower end of the esophagus that acts as a valve to allow food to enter the stomach but prevents stomach contents from moving back into the esophagus |
| greater omentum |
a pouchlike extension of the visceral peritoneum |
| hiatal hernia |
a bulging out of the stomach through the opening of the diaphragm where the esophagus normally passes; this condition may prevent the valve between the esophagus and stomach from closing, thus allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus |
| ileum |
the distal portion of the small intestine |
| jaundice |
abnormal yellowing of skin, mucous membranes, and white of eyes |
| jejunum |
the middle third of the small intestine |
| lumen |
the hollow space within a tube |
| malocclusion |
abnormal contact between the teeth of the upper jaw and lower jaw |
| mastication |
chewing |
| mesentery |
a large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity |
| peristalsis |
wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines that move food material along the digestive tract |
| peritoneal space |
small, fluid-filled space between the visceral and parietal layers that allows the layers to slide over each other freely in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| plica |
multiple circular folds |
| pyloric sphincter |
sphincter that prevents food from leaving the stomach and entering duodenum |
| rugae |
wrinkles and folds |
| ulcer |
a necrotic open sore or lesion |
| uvula |
cone-shaped process hanging down from the soft palate that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities |
| villus |
fingerlike folds covering the plicae of the small intestines |
HHS Shrek
