EBR EMS Chapter 12 Definitions
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| angina pectoris | severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of suffficient oxygen
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| arteriole | small branch of an artery
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| artery | vessel carrying blood away from the heart
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| AV valve | two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricles
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| atrium | chamber or cavity
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| AV bundle | fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles; also known as the bundle of His
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| AV node | small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart
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| bicuspid valve (mitral valve) | one of the two AV valves that are located between the left atrium and ventricle
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| capillary | tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules
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| cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute
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| cardiopulmonary resusitation | combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration
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| central venous pressure | venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large pripheral veins
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| coronary artery | the first artery to branch off the aorta; supplies blood to the myocardium
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| coronary bypass surgery | surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are take from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage
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| coronary circulation | delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium
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| coronary sinus | area that recieves deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium
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| coronary vein |
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| diastole | relaxation of the heart, interposed between its contractions; opposite of systole
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| diastolic pressure | blood pressure in arteries during diastole of heart
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| ductus arteriosus | connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs
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| ductus venous | a continuation of the umbilical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava
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| ECG (electrocardiogram) | graphic record of the heart's action potentials
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| endocarditis | inflammation of the lining of the heart
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| endocardium | thin layer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart
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| epicardium | the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; it is also called the visceral pericardium
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| foramen ovale | shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs
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| hepatic portal circulation | the route of blood flow through the liver
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| myocardial infarction | death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis
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| myocardium | muscle of the heart
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| P wave | deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria
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| pericarditis | when the pericardium becomes inflamed
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| pericardium | membrane that surrounds the heart
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| peripheral resistance | resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries
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| pulmonary circulation | venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium
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| pulse | alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles; travels as a wave away from the heart
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| Purkinje fibers | specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract
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| QRS complex | deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles
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| semilunar valve | valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in the veins
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| sinoatrial node | the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
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| stroke volume | the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat
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| systemic circulation | blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
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| systole | contraction of the heart muscle
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| systolic pressure | force with which blood pushes against artery walls when ventricles contract
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| T wave | deflection on an electrocardiogram that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles
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| tricuspid valve | the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
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| umbilical artery and vein | artery: two arteries carrying oxygen poor blood away from the developing fetus to the placentavein: carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the developing fetus
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| vasomotor mechanism | factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls
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| vein | vessel carrying blood toward the heart
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| ventricle | small cavities
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| venule | small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins
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