| Question |
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| Answer |
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| angina pectoris |
severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of suffficient oxygen |
| arteriole |
small branch of an artery |
| artery |
vessel carrying blood away from the heart |
| AV valve |
two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricles |
| atrium |
chamber or cavity |
| AV bundle |
fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles; also known as the bundle of His |
| AV node |
small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart |
| bicuspid valve (mitral valve) |
one of the two AV valves that are located between the left atrium and ventricle |
| capillary |
tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules |
| cardiac output |
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute |
| cardiopulmonary resusitation |
combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration |
| central venous pressure |
venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large pripheral veins |
| coronary artery |
the first artery to branch off the aorta; supplies blood to the myocardium |
| coronary bypass surgery |
surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are take from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage |
| coronary circulation |
delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium |
| coronary sinus |
area that recieves deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium |
| coronary vein |
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| diastole |
relaxation of the heart, interposed between its contractions; opposite of systole |
| diastolic pressure |
blood pressure in arteries during diastole of heart |
| ductus arteriosus |
connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs |
| ductus venous |
a continuation of the umbilical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava |
| ECG (electrocardiogram) |
graphic record of the heart's action potentials |
| endocarditis |
inflammation of the lining of the heart |
| endocardium |
thin layer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart |
| epicardium |
the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; it is also called the visceral pericardium |
| foramen ovale |
shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs |
| hepatic portal circulation |
the route of blood flow through the liver |
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| myocardial infarction |
death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis |
| myocardium |
muscle of the heart |
| P wave |
deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria |
| pericarditis |
when the pericardium becomes inflamed |
| pericardium |
membrane that surrounds the heart |
| peripheral resistance |
resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries |
| pulmonary circulation |
venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium |
| pulse |
alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles; travels as a wave away from the heart |
| Purkinje fibers |
specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract |
| QRS complex |
deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles |
| semilunar valve |
valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in the veins |
| sinoatrial node |
the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava |
| stroke volume |
the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat |
| systemic circulation |
blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium |
| systole |
contraction of the heart muscle |
| systolic pressure |
force with which blood pushes against artery walls when ventricles contract |
| T wave |
deflection on an electrocardiogram that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles |
| tricuspid valve |
the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle |
| umbilical artery and vein |
artery: two arteries carrying oxygen poor blood away from the developing fetus to the placentavein: carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the developing fetus |
| vasomotor mechanism |
factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls |
| vein |
vessel carrying blood toward the heart |
| ventricle |
small cavities |
| venule |
small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins |
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