nutrition biochem
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| EAR | ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT - daily - for 1/2 individuals in a particular stage or group
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| RDA | RECOMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE -- meets requirements of 97-98% of individuals
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| FORMULA OF RDA | RDA= EAR + 2SD EAR
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| TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL | highest average dietary intake level which poses no threat to general population
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| ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENT | average energy intake to maintain an energy balance
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| ENERGY CONTENT OF FOOD | calculated from heat released by total combustion of food in calorimeter
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| how is energy used by the body | reesting metabolic rate - post absorptive state -- thermic effect - heat increases by 30 % during digestion and absorption -- exercise
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| AMDR -- ACCEPTABLE MACRONUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION RANGE | range of intake for particular nutrient - reduces risk of chronic disease
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| trans fatty acid | inc ldl -- dec in hdl -- inc in chd
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| unsat fatty acids | dec ldl -- dec hdl -- dec chd
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| saturated fatty acids | inc ldl -- no effect hdl -- inc chd
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| advantages of fibre | soluble so dec ldl and inc fecal bile acid excretion -- reduces constipation, haemarrhoid formation, softens stool -- dec absorption of fat so inc fecal loss of c -- bowel motility inc so reduces carcinogen formation risk
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| low glycemic index | sense of satiety over a longer period of time -- limits caloric intake
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| proteins from animal | have higher quality contains all essential a.a.
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| positive nitrogen balance =i}E | pregnancy/ childhood
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| negative nitrogen balance | stress -- lack of a.a. -- surgery
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| how is excess protein eliminated from the body? | deaminated -- used for energy -- provides acetyl coa for fa synthesis -- eliminated as urinary nitrogen
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| kwashikhor disease | protein deprivation is GREATER than total caloric intake -- children over 1 year old -- edema in stomach anorexic --
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