From the Slides Key points
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| Factors of Healthy Environments | Air, Food, & Water; Finances; Family Interaction & Decision-making ; Home, Work, School, & Neighborhood; Political & Economic Stability; Freedom & Safety
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| Environmental Health Hazards | Toxins:Low-dose harm or death to people; Carcinogens:Causes or promotes cancer; Mutagens:Changes chromosomal genetics; Teratogens:Causes birth defects
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| Environmental Health Risk | Probability that actual consequences will occur from potential danger of an environmental hazard.
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| Disease Cluster | Group of people with same disease in higher numbers than expected.
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| Role of Epidemiology | Link environmental health hazards & risks to a defined problem.
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| What are Tertiary Prevention Methods | Rehabilitation; Insulin Injections; Asthma control meds; Anticoagulants for existing thrombi; Antiepileptics for seizures; Coagulation Factor for Hemophilia; Post CVA Rehab
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| Additional Tertiary Prevention Methods | Rehabilitation; Organ Transplant; Surgical Operations; Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy.
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| Four-Step EPA |
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| What is needed to Determine Potential Environmental Hazard:Type of agent; Effect upon body. |
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| Once established exposure... | Delineate Dose Response according to Toxic amount and Human response.
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| Estimate Exposure via | Amount in environment and Amount likely to reach site in body.
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| Determine Seriousness & Susceptibility Risk of Population by | Recognize disease clusters –Nurses inform agencies and Steps to reduce risks –Nurses perform education.
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| Neg. Physiological Respiratory Responsesto E.I. can include: | Congestion; Cough; Wheezing; asthma; Emphysema; Cancer; Gastrointestinal: N & V; Diarrhea; Cancer
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| Neg.Physiological Neurological Responsesto E.I.: | HA & sinus pain; Sensory problems; Vertigo; fainting; Impaired cognition; Seizures.
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| Neg.Physiological Musculoskeletal Responses to E.I.: | Weakness; Cramps; Tremors.
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| Neg.Physiological Genitourinary Responses to E.I. | Infertility; Urination changes.
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| Neg.Physiological Immune System Responses to E.I.: | Eye irritation; Fever; Chills; Fatigue; chemical sensitivity
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| Neg.Physiological Integumentary Responsesto E.I.: | Sun burn; Rash; Itching; Hair loss
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| Neg.Psychological Response to E.I. | Irritability; Depression; Concentration loss; Nervous breakdown; Memory loss; Confusion; Personality's; Hyperactivity; Learning disabilities; Outbursts; Withdrawal; Criminal activity; ADHD
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| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | Extreme fatigue; Does not improve with bedrest; May worsen with physical/mental activity;
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| Epstein-Barr Virus Syndrome | fever, Lymphadenopathy, & Hepatosplenomegaly; Effects children & young adults
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| Neg Syndrome Resp. to E.I. | Gulf War Syndrome(Research Support); Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Dyspepsia (indigestion); Eczema; Fibromyalgia (muscle & tissue pain @ joints; Brain CA; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) (motor neuron disease)
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| Other Reported Symptoms or Syndromes to E.I. | Gulf War Syndrome; Memory loss.; Loss of Balance & Muscle Control; Headache & Vertigo; Shortness of Breath; Insulin Resistance; Muscle & Joint Pain.
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| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | Severe atypical pneumonia; Caused by some type ofAnimal Coronavirus.; First cases in China in late
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| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | Due to little sunlight.
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| Sources of Pollution Exposure | Air Pollution; Indoor Air; of top environmental risks; higher pollutant levels than outdoors; Affects sense of smell.
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| Sick Building Syndrome | Acute health complaints r/t time in a bldg; Building-related illness (Diagnosable illness r/t airborne bldg contaminants) Indoor Air Pollution Sources; Particulate Matter (Tobacco smoke, asbestos, dust, etc.
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| Biological Contaminants; Animal dander, fungal spores, bacteria, pollens, viruses, etc.; Carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, pesticides, pine mountain log, etc.) |
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| Particulate Matter | Air-suspended Liquid Particles Causing: Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath; Aggravated asthma; Lung damage; Premature death
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| Sources of particulate matter: | Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); Asbestos exposure; Dust; Hair spray / Perfumes / Spritzers; Cleaning products
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| Biological Contaminants Sources | viruses and bacteria; molds; animal dander & cat saliva; house dust & mites; fungal spores; Pollen; Animal and Insect excrement; infections; hypersensitivity diseases; toxicosis-poisoning
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| Types of Poisoning | endogenic (from within the body) exogenic (not generated from the body) retention (from retained metabolites)
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| Radon | Decay product of uranium; Second to cigarette smoking as leading cause of cancer
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| Radon Found in U.S. homes entering via | Walls; Foundations; Basement floors; Water supply---Test kits available
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| Contaminants of Human Origin; Toxic & nuclear wastes; Nuclear power plants; Air & water pollution; Pesticide spraying; Global warming; natural resources; HIV/AIDS; Violence, terrorism, wars, & genocide |
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| Physiology of Permanent Hearing Loss | Dullness; Hearing threshold shift; Intense pressure waves; Inner ear trauma.
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| Model State of Emergency Health Powers Act | Preparedness; Surveillance; Management of property ; Protection of persons; Communication of information
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| Nurse Role in Bioterrorism | Recognize cases; Prompt evaluation and management; Facilitate communication with officials at all levels; Foster safety and confidence; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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| Related causes of PTSD | Hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, nuclear accidents, assault, downsizing
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| Characteristics of PTSD | Health, performance, & family problems; Early symptoms of acute stress, Fear, shock, anxiety, anger, irritability, insomnia, difficulty making decisions, flashbacks, etc.
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| Symptoms of PTSD | Hyperarousal, intrusive recollections, & withdrawal
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| Psychological health(Maville & Huerta,Pg. -) | Emotional first aid ; Steps to minimize adverse effects
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