Pharmacology for Dermatology
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| anerobe involved in acne | P. acnes bacteria
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| oral abx and oral contraceptives are used in | moderate to severe inflammatory acne
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| Severe of refractory acne can be treated with | isotretinoin
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| Most important cause of treatment failure | lack of compliance
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| ___ are preferred for oily skin | gels. Creams and lotions for dry skin
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| How long should oral abx be given for? | 6 months, and may take 6-8 weeks for visible effect
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| ___ requires gradual exposure each day (15min to 2 hours to overnight) | benzoyl peroxide. burns. Remove with soap and water
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| ___ bleaches hairl, towels, carpet, etc | benzoyl peroxide. DC if no improvement after 6 weeks
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| Salicylic acid should be avoided in which populations? | Diabetes, poor circulation, infants, pregnancy (category C)
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| Salicylic acid strength for acne | <6% (destructive to tissues greater than 6%)
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| ________Produces a reversible, dark brown scale on darker-skin (resorcinol) | Sulfur/Resorcinol (clearasil)
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| _______Decreases the adhesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, stimulates mitosis and turnover of epithelial cells causing extrusion of the comedones | Tretinoin/retin-A. Use at night time b/c UV light destroys it. Gets worse before it gets better
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| Starting dose of Tretinoin/Retin-A | .25%, then gradually increase
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| ________ should not be used in combination with benzoyl peroxide | tretinoin. counteracts
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| ___ is often tolerated better than Retin-A | Adapalene
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| ____ is second-line retinoid; stronger and more AEs | Tazarotene
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| Which acne treatment is pregnancy category X | Tazarotene
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| Which Rx inhibit P. acnes? | Clindamycin>Erythromycin
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| ___ can cause hypopigmentation/vitiligo in people with darker complexion | Azelaic Acid.
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| ___ is an acne med that may worsen asthma, allergy and herpes labialis | Azelaic Acid
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| Long term treatment of Tetracycline requires | monitoring of LFTs and CBC.
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| Who should not be treated with tetracycline? | children under 9 for teeth purposes.
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| ____ is a associated with the rare AE of bulging fontanelles,immune hypersensitivity, lupus and pseudocerebri, | Minocycline. Better tolerated than tetracycline. Higher doses do not confer greater efficacy; tx for 12 weeks. LFTs, renal and CBC monthly for long term therapy
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| Which oral abx should you not take take calcium, iron, magnesium or aluminum antacids or supplements within 4 hours | Doxycycline
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| ______ is available only under restricted distribution: iPLEDGE | Isotrentinoin. Pregnancy category X and tons of AEs. Males and females must document 2 forms of contraception 1 month before and 1 month after tx
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| Dosage of Isotrentinoin is based on | weight in kg.
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| How many negative pregnancy tests are required prior to beginning Isotrentinoin? | 2
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| AE's of Isotrentinoin | Dry skin and mucous membranes, Lip inflammation (90%), hypertriglyceridemia, myalgia, anemia, conjunctivitis, skin irritation. EVERYTHING IS DRY!
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| Main cause of nongenital warts | HPV
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| Cryotherapy notes | Aggressive therapy (2 minutes, double freeze) is more effective than less aggressive (15 seconds, single freeze) but causes more pain and blistering
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| What percentage rate of Salicylic acid is used for nongenital warts | >6%
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| Tx options for nongenital warts | cryotherapy and salicylic acid
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| Which medication is recommended for small localized lesions caused by bacteria? ex: impetigo or folliculitis | Bactroban (mupirocin)
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