Cyndi's Chapter 11 -Nationals
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| Epidermis | outer layer of the skin-composed of sublayers called strata. The epidermis contains no nerves or blood vessels Produces Kerastinocytes
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| Melanocytes | produce pigment in our skin
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| Erector pili muscles | attach to hair
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| Dermis | Inner layer of skin that contains collegen and elastin fibers which provide much more of a structure and strength of the skin and is much thicker then the epidermis
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| Superficial fascia | The subcuntaneous tissue that composes the third layer of skin, consists of loose connective tissueand contains fat or adipose tissue
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| Adipose | Fat
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| Sebum | produced by sebaceous glands
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| Apocrine | Sweat produced glands that has the strongest order
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| Jaundice | Skin color is a goldish color
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| Impetigo | A contagious skin disease
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| Mole | Most potential to become malignant-pigmented skin growth formed of melanocytes
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| Fibrocystic disease | Lumps found in the axillary area of a female client
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| Myocardium | Heart muscle
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| Semilunar | Controls the flow of blood from the ventricals into the aorta
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| Pulminary trunk | Blood to lungs
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| Coronary | Vessel most involved in reducing blood flow to the heart- heart attack
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| Right Atrium | First chamber to recieve blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae
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| Diastole | Portion of the cardiac cycle that performs relaxation of the ventricals during filling
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| Blood Pooling | caused by standing still for long periods of time
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| Dorsalis pedis pulse is located where? | Ankle
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| Hypotension | Low blood pressure
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| Dizzyness when sitting up after massage | Caused by stimulation of the baroreceptors
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| External Carotid | Artery near SCM
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| Popliteal artery | Artery behind the knee- then divides to become the anterior & posterior tibial artery
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| Basilic | Vein located in the arm
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| Saphenous | Varicose vein
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| Contributes to Hematopoiesis | Stem cell
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| Ischemia | Temporary or diminished supply of blood to the tissues
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| Deep Vein Thrombosis | Begionning stages to a pulmonary embolisum
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| Lymph | Clear interstitial tissue fluid that bathes the cells. Lymph contains lymphocytes which provide immune response; returns plasma proteins that leak thru capillary walls,fat from gastrointsetinal to bloodstream
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| Subclavian veins | Both lymph ducts empty lymph fluid here
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| To encourage lymphatic flow in the foot | Stimulate the plantar plexus
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| Spleen | Stores lymphocytes and blood
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| Mononucleosis | Contagious
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| Specific immunity | No longer suscptible- measles/chicken pox as a child, never to return
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| Antibodies | Serum proteins of the immunoglbulin class that are secreted by plasma cells
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| Arterioles | the smallest arteries
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| Arteriosclerosis | a term meaning hardening of the arteries that have become brittle and have lost there elastisity
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| Artery | A blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from heart to the body or deoxygenate blood from the heart to the lungs
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| Atherosclerosis | A condition in which fatty plaque is deposited in medum and large arteries
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| Atrium | One of the two small thin walled upper chambers of the heart; the right and left atria are sparated by a thin interatrial septum
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| Blood | A thick, red fluid that provides oxygen,nourishment,and protection to the cells and carries away waste products. Whole blood consists of two components:cellular elements&liquid plasma. A form of connective tissue.
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| Blood Pressure | The mesurement of pressure exerted by the heart on the walls of the blood vessels. Blood forced into the aorta during systole sets up a pressure wave that travels down the arteries.The wave expands the arterial wall-pulpate press artery=pulse rate
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| Systolic | High pressure-ventricals are contracted
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| Diastolic | Lowest pressure-ventricals are at rest
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| Capillary | One of the smallest vessels found between the arteries and veins that allow the exchange of gases,nutrients and waste. Thin walls-allows molecules to diffuse easy
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| Coronary Arteries | Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself;locatedin groves between the atria and ventricals and between the 2 ventricals
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| Dermatitis | Acute or chronic skin inflamation characterised by redness, eruptions,edems,scaling,and itching. 3 Types-1)Atopic 2)Seborreheic 3)Contact dermatitis.
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| Eczema | form of dermatitis
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| Heart | Mediastinum of thoracic cavity
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| Myocardium | Heart muscle
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| Endocardium | thin inner lining - heart
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| Epicardium | outer membrane - heart
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| Heart Valves | 4 sets of valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart
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| Hemorrhage | The passage of blood outside of the cardiovascular system
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| Immunity | Resistant to desease- functional system - key is the ability to distinguish self from nonself
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| Lymphocytes | important immune cell- prevents bacteria ans viruses from gaining access to the bloodstream.
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| Macrophanges | important immune cell
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| Integument | The skin and its appendages: hair,sebaceous,and sweat glands,nails and breasts.
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| Lymph Nodes | Small,round along a network of lymph vessels that provide filtering for waste removal & transferring them to bloodstream- cleans spleen,intestines,kidneys. Produce lymphocytes. Located near joint movement to assist in pumping-
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| Pericardium | Dbl. membranious, serous sac surrounding the heart. It secretes a lubricating fluid to prevent frictionfrom the movement of the heart
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| Plasma | A thick, straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55% of the blood
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| Standard Precautions | Est.Center for Diesese Control and Prevention-prevent bacterial and viral infections by setting up specfic methods of dealing with human fluids and waste. Protection from pathogens
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| Tumors | Neoplasm, new growth
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| Benign | Nonthreatening
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| Malignant | Cancerous
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| Venules | smallest veins
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| Veins | Blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and send it back to the heart. 75% of the blood in the body is in the venous system. Lg veins often contain a set of valves that ensure that blood flows in the correctly to the heart&prevents backflow
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| Ventricles | 2 lg lower chambers of the heart- thick walled and separated by a thick interventricar septum
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| Keratin | fibrous protein that protects our skin and makes it waterproof
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| Skin color | pigment= melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
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| Stratum Corneum | outer most layer of the epidermis- 20 to 30 layers of kertin-filled, dead cells that continuously shed and are repalced from the layer below
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| Root hair plexus | Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved.
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| Sweat Glands-Sudoriferous Glands | Eccrine: raises moisture in the skin (activities)-cool body temp. & elimate waste. 99% water. Apocrine gland- smell, thicker
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| Sebaceous Glands | Oil(Sebum) gland-Connected to hair folicles by small ducts. Prevents dehydration, soften the skin and hair,slows growth of bacteria
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| Mammary Glands | Modified apocrine sweat gland.Men nonfunctional.During lactation glandular alveoli produce milk which collects in lobes and passes through lactiferous ducts to the nipple
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| Eccrine | raises moisture in the skin (activities)-cool body temp. & elimate waste. 99% water.
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| Ceruminous Glands | Modified apocrine glands found in the external ear canal. Sticky-prevents foreign material and insects from entering Cerumen=Earwax
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| Alpecia | Hair loss or baldness
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| Vitiligo | loss of pigmentation in irregular patches
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| Scleroderma | autoimmune disorder of connective tissue-overproduction of collegen and inflamation.
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| Lipoma | Benign tumor formed from mature fat cells.-soft,movable-trunk,foroearm,neck
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| Seborrheic Keratosis | Raised skin leasions-chest,back,neck,face-Benign-
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| Candidiasis | infection of the skin or mucus membrane-caused by candida albicans(diper rash)= fungal--red,scaly-breasts,finger,toes,groin,axsillae-occur in ear,vagina and mouth-thrush
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| Psoriasis | Chronic skin condition-red,dry,silvery scales- scalp,elbows,knees,back,buttocks
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| Atrioventrical | Valves that allow blood to flow into ventricals BUT keep it from returning to the atria
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| Mitral-Bicuspid (Left Artioventrical) | Valve located between the Left atrium and the Left ventrical
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| Tricuspid (Right Artioventrical) | Valve located between the Right atrium and the Right Ventrical
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| Semilunar | Valves control bloodflow out of the ventricals (into the aorta & pulmonary arteries)& prevent backflow of blood into the ventricals. These valves open in response to pressure when blood leaves the ventricals-close when blood pools near valve &closes valve
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| Aortic | Valve between the Left ventrical and aorta
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| Pulmonary | Valve between the pulmonary artery and the Right ventrical
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| Superior vena cava | The vein that returns poorly oxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper venous circulation
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| Aorta | From the heart to the body- artery that carries oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to the body
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| Inferior vena cava | Vein returns oxygen-poor blood from the lower venous circulation to the right atrium
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| Pulminary veins | 4 Veins- 2 from ea.lung- that bring oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium Only vein that carries oxygen-rich blood
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| Entrainment | is the coordination or synchronization to a rhythum - heart or other body rhythums
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| Blood volume and flow | Cardiac output amt of blood pumped by LEFT ventrical in one minute= average 5-6L Blood flows fastest in the arteries and moderate in the veins, slowest capillaries.During exercise, oxygen is needed- 20L
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| Blood flow through the heart- Stage One | Oxygen poor blood from the body enters the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR VENA CAVA and flows to the - RIGHT ATRIUM (it fills) The full right atrium empties through the tricuspid valve into the RIGHT VENTRICAL
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| Blood flow through the heart - Stage Two | full RIGHT VENTRICAL-contracts and pushes to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery(divides)which sends blood to each lung-blood becomes oxygen rich-moves to-4 pulmonary VEINS to LEFT ATRIUM
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| Blood flow through the heart- Stage Three | Blood leaves LEFT ATRIUM to LEFT VENTRICAL- fills- thru the aorta valve into the aorta and decending aorta to all parts of the body (not lungs)
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| Mitral valve | the valve between the left atrium and left ventrical
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| Dorsalis Pedis Pulse | located at the ankle
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| Tachycardia | Resting heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute
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| Bradycardia | heart rate less than 50-60 beats per minute
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| Baroreceptors | Nerve center in the cardiovascular system. Transmit signals about sudden changes in bp.
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| Basilar Artery | one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The 2 vertral arteries become the basilar artery
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| Axillary Artery | Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the clavical
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| Mesentric Artery | Branch of the abdominal artery that supplies blood to the rectum
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| Celiac (trunk) Artery | Branch of the abdominal artery- supplies the stomach,spleen,and liver (via the gastric,splenic and hepatic artery
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| Fermoral Artery | Superficial at the femoral triangle and decends to the posterior adductors
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| Jugular | Superficial Vein/external (right and left)- drains blood from face,neck and head -empties into the subclavian vein. Deep/internal- drainage from brain to subclavian vein
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| Portal vein | empties into the liver
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| Heptic veins | Branch of the inferior vena cava from the liver
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| Renal veins | Branch of tBranch of the inferior vena cavahe inferior vena cava from the kidneys
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| Iliac veins | Branch of the inferior vena cava from the continuation of the femoral veins (2)
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| Azygos system | Lies on the posterior body wall and drains the intercostal veins- empties into the superior vena cava
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| Brachiocephalic vein | 2 veins that stem from the jugular vein to become the superior vena cava
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| Erythrocytes | an iron-protein compound known as hemoglobin
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| Monocyte | Largest of the white blood cells but only account for 6% of the total number- unique because they leave the blood and enter the tissues
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| Thrombocytes | Also called platelets- smallest cellular elements of the blood- important in clotting ans are manufactures in the bone marrow
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| Aneurysm | Permenant diloation of a vessel due to weakness or damage
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| Embolus | Plug in the blood stream that may be a clot, plaque, air, gas, fat, tumor cells, tissue, clumps of bacteria
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| Ishemia | temporary deficiency or disminished supply of blood to the tissue
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| Hemophilia | Bleeding disorder. VIII (vital clotting factor in blood) is diminshed or lacking. Inherited disease
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| Arrhythmia | Heart rate may be partially or completely irregular=fast or slow
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| Angina Pectoris | Chest pain from lack of oxygen supplie to heart.
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| Fibrin | a special protein that forms and seals the damage blood vessels by trapping red blood cells, platelets and fluid to form clots
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| Mesenteric Artery | Supplies the small intestent part of the pancreas and half of the colon
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| Cisterna chyli | Lower end of thoracic duct (lymph)
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| Peyers Patches | are diffuse lymphoid tissue They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum/jejunum in that the number increase further down the intestine
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| Hodgkins | Painless swelling of the lymph nodes caused by enlarged, mutated macrophanges- usually in the neck and groin
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| Mononucleosis | Contagious viral infection. Affects the lymphocytes causing an increased number and change in structure.
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| Leukemia | Cancer of the white blood cells, abnormal cells at a faster rate with a long life span.
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| Lymphedema | Increase in tissue fluid caused by inflammation of obstruction from scar tissue, parasites or trama.
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| Lymphomata | A tumor in the lymphatic system
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| Non Hodgkin primaril and secondary system | cancer of the lymphoid tissue. A grouping of diverse lymphomata that may manifest differently
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| Nonspecific immune responce | the body responds exactly the same way to all substances that are not identified as part of the body
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| Phagocytosis | engulfing bacteria in a cell-eating process
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