Introduction to Dermatology
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| How many layers comprise the epidermis? | Stratum corneum (flat dead cells without nuclei/organelles, dense, 8-15 layers thick)Stratum granulosum (transitional layer)Stratum spinosum (differentiation)Stratum basale (mitosis)
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| Major cell population in Epidermis? | Keratinocytes (80%). Produce keratin, immune function
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| Which cell produces melanin (UV protection) | Melanocytes
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| Antigen presenting cells in the epidermis | Langerhans Cells
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| Where are blood vessels, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, muscles and sweat glands located? | in the dermis
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| Function of the eccrine sweat glands | thermoregulation, whole body
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| Function of the apocrine sweat glands | scent, axilla, genitals, ears, eyelids, mammary
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| _________ synthesize collagen, and is the most abundant protein in mammals | fibroblasts
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| Important hx questions | variation (seasonal, monthly), what have they tried, PMH, FMH, Medications, allergies, Job, hobbies, ETOH, tobacco
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| Descriptive words to specifiy arrangement | discrete, confluent, grouped, linear, annular, arciform, polycyclic, serpiginous, satellite, targetoid, reticulated, nummular
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| Looks like a snake | serpiginous
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| net-like | reticulated
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| filled in circle, like a coin | nummular (vs annular which is empty in the middle)
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| Distribution descriptions | generalized, localized, dermatome, symmetric, bilateral, sun-exposed areas
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| Don't forget to examine | hair, nails and mucous membranes
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| Macule | flat (non-palpable), alteration in color, size is <1cm
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| Patch | macule >1cm
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| Raised/depressed (palpable), size <1cm, color can vary | papule
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| Large papule (>1cm) | Plaque
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| What is the word considered pathognomonic for seborrheic keratosis | waxy
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| Raised and filled with clear fluid; size is <1cm | Vesicle
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| Large vesicle >1cm | Bulla
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| Pustule | raised, circumscribed collection of inflammatory cells and free fluid. variable in size
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| Raised, solid, often round; deeper than a papule, size is <1cm | nodule. Deeper down into the reticular dermis
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| ____ is a large nodule | tumor
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| Firm, edematouis papule or plaque. Fluid filled, but fluid is bound. Flat-topped elevations, transient in nature, Type I hypersensitivity rxn | Wheal (hive)
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| Epidermis ready to be sloughed | scale
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| Focal loss of epidermis and dermis, heals with scarring | fissure
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| Thickening of the skin, accentuated skin markings | lichenification
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| nonblanchable blood deposit 1cm or less | petechiae
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| narrow, elevated tunnel = parasite | burrow
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| small, superficial keratin cyst | milia
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| erosions from scratching | excoriation
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| blackheads and whiteheads (acne) | comedo
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| Petechiae >1cm | Purpura
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| Which skin formation is associated with scabies? | burrow
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| Mineral oil prep is used for | scabies
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| KOH prep is good to confirm the presence of | fungus and yeast
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| Diascopy is | putting pressure with a glass slide on a vascular skin lesion.
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| ___ is primarily used for herpes infections | Tzanck smear
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| Wood's light is another term for | black light
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| Topical steroid on a fungal infection | Fungus thrives on steroids, so it will get much worse!
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| MOA of KOH | dissolves the keratin from the skin scrapings allowing a better picture. Heat speeds this rxn, but avoid boiling the specimen. Always scrape the border of the lesion, that is where the active infection is
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| central clearing, raised expanding border | fungal infection
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| What is the name of this procedure? Place on slide, air dry, fix with methanol, stain with Wright’s or Giemsa. | Tzanck smear. Looking for multinucleated giant cells. Looking for herpes (murky presentation in immunocompromised patients)
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| When are patch tests read? | 48, and 96 hours
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| A positive rxn (red+/- blister) in a patch test represents | a Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction
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| What turns green under Wood's light? | Tinea Capitis.
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| What turns coral red under wood's light? | Erythrasma (seen in webspaces of toes and in groin)
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| Honey colored crust is pathognomonic for | Impetigo
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| Grouped pustules coalescing on an erythematous base | Herpes simplex
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| Erythematous papules and vesicles on the palm of the hand and sole of the feet. Some are dried up. With sores in mouth | Hand foot and mouth dz. Coxsackie virus
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| Erythematous targetoid papules on the palm of the left hand. | Erythema multiforme
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| Acne is composed of | Acne is composed of comedons, papules and pustules
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Created by:
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