Intro to the cell and biochem
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| Describes how the human system works and how to improve it's function | Biochemistry
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| Provides organizing principles that underlie life | Biochemistry
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| How many milligrams per day of macro elements does our body need? | more than 100
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| How many milligrams per day of micro elements does our body need? | Under 100
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| How many milligrams of trace elements does our body need per day? | Under 1
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| Define kcal | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C
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| Is Cal and kcal the same? | Yes
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| Out of cal, Cal and kcal, which is one nutrition labels | Cal or kcal
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| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of proteins? | 4 kcal per gram
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| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of carbohydrates? | 4 kcal per gram
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| How much energy do we get through the oxidation of lipids? | 9 kcal per gram
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| True or False: water is the most abundant substance in the living system? | True
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| Name 5 functions of water | 1. Solvent 2. Regulates body temp 3. Transport of nutrients and waste 4. reactant or product in reaction 5. Reaction medium
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| True or False: water has a low efficient of thermal expansion? | True, it won't disturb cells with change of temp
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| True or False: Water is not amphoteric | False, water can act as an acid or base
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| True or False: Water has a slight tendency to ionize? | True
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| What is the physiological pH | 7.4
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| Plasma membrane | Surrounds the cell
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| Function of plasma membrane | Provides protection, nourishment and waste removal
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| Other word for cytoplasm | Cystosol
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| Functioning for cytoplasm | Important for signaling between organelles
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| Metabolic pathways that occur in cytoplasm of cell | 1. Glycolysis 2. Pentose phosphate pathway 3. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis 4. Fatty acid synthesis
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| Nucleus | Contains DNA
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| Nucleoplasm | Contains all enzymes and minerals necessary for nucleus to function
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| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell. This is where oxygen is used in the cell and most of the metabolic energy is produced through electron transport chain
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| Which cells DO NOT contain mitochondria | Erythrocytes
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| Rough ER | Studded with ribosomes, protein synthesis
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| Smooth ER | Lipid synthesis; more SER found in cells responsible for making hormones and liver cells
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| Golgi complex | "sorting machine" Responsible for sorting newly synthesized
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| Cis Side of Golgi Complex | Greets the proteins
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| Trans Side of Golgi Complex | Sorts the proteins
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| Post translational modifications | Adding sulfate, carbohydrates or lipid structures to proteins
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| Lysosome | The digestive system of the cell. Important for digesting old or injured organelles, regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis
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| Peroxisome | Digestive system of the cell. Contains oxidative enzymes.
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| Catalase | Enzymes used to break down hydrogen peroxide formed from, the oxidation reactions to water and oxygen.
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| Marcoelements | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, phosphorus, Sulfur, Potassium, Chlorine, Sodium, Magnesium
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| Microelements | Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Flurine
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| Ultra Trace Elements | Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon
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Created by:
LrB
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