EBR EMS Chapter 2 Definitions
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| alkaline | any substance that contributes to an excess of OH- ions
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| amino acid | chemical units from which protein molecules are built
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| aqueous solution | liquid mixture in which water is the solvent
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| atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries
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| atom | smallest particle of a pure substance
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| atomic mass | combined total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| atomic number | total number of protons in an atom's nucleus
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| base | a chemical that reduces the relative concentration of H+ ions in the whole solution
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| biochemistry | scientific field that studies the chemical properties and processes of living organisms
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| carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in certain specific proportions
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| cholesterol | steroid lipid found in all body cell membranes and in animal fat present in food
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| compound | substance whose molecules have more than one kind of element in them
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| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons share electrons by overlapping their energy levels
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| dehydration synthesis | chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together
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| dissociate | when a compound breaks apart in solution
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| double helix | shape of DNA molecules
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| electrolyte | substance that ionizes in solution, rendering the solution capable of conducting an electric current
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| electron | negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom
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| element | pure substance, composed of only one type of atom
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| energy level | limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom at a certain distance containing electrons
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| enzyme | a functional protein acting as a biochemical catalyst allowing chemical reactions to take place in a suitable timeframe
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| glycogen | polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose
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| hydrolysis | chemical reaction in which water is added to a large molecule causing it to break apart into smaller molecules
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| inorganic compound | compound whose molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
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| ionic bond | chemical bond formed by the positive-negative attractions between two ions
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| isotope | two atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses
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| lipid | organic molecule usually compound of glycerol and fatty acids
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| lock-and-key model | analogy of how hormones fit into enzymes
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| matter | any substance that occupies space and has a mass
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| molecule | particle of matter composed of one or more smaller units
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| neutron | electrically neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom
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| nucleic acid | the two nucleic acids are DNA and RNA, made up of nucleotides
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| nucleotide | small units that form strands of nucleic acid
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| nucleus | center control structure in the middle of the cell
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| orbital | limits within which electrons move
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| organic compound | compound whose large molecules contain carbon and that include C-C bonds
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| peptide bond | covalent bond linking amino acids within a protein molecule
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| pH | expression of relative H+ concentration
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| phospholipid | fat molecule found in cell membranes
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| product | any substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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| protein | one of the basic nutrients need by the body
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| proton | positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom
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| radioactive isotope | an isotope that emitts radiation
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| reactant | any substance entering a chemical reaction
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| solute | substance that dissolves into another substance
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| solvent | substance in which other substances are dissolved
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| triglyceride | lipid that is synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol or from excess glucose or amino acids
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