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Genetics Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
heredity   the passing of traits from parents to offspring  
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offspring   the new organism created through reproduction  
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trait   a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes  
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inherit   to receive from one generation to the next  
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sexual reproduction   creating offspring using genes from two different parent organisms  
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asexual reproduction   creating offspring using genes from only one parent organism  
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purebred (homozygous)   having two identical alleles for a trait  
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hybrid (heterozygous)   having two different alleles for a trait  
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allele   the different forms of a gene  
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dominant allele   an allele whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present  
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recessive allele   an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present  
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probability   a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur  
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genotype   an organism's genetic makeup of allele combinations  
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phenotype   an organism's physical appearance of visible traits  
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gene   the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait  
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sex chromosome   a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is a male or female  
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carrier   a person who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not have the trait  
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selective breeding   the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation  
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genetic engineering   the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits  
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