USCSOM: Biochemistry: Lec 30, 33 Protein Syn II-III
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| describe the signal peptide | 20-30 AAs; usually at the amino terminus; mostly hydrophobic
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| Describe SRP | signal recognition particle; complex proteins and 7S RNA; halts translation until it is bound to rER surface
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| Secreted proteins are often stabilized by what? | disulfide bonds
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| Correct formation of disulfide bonds is helped by what enzyme with regards to protein folding in the ER? | peptidyl disulfide isomerase
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| What is the default pathway for a protein without a signal? | secretion
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| What is cotranslational import? | uptake of protein into ER depends on continuing protein synthesis by the ribosome
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| What form of insulin does the insulin gene code for? | preproinsulin
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| What is the single-chain form of insulin called without its signal peptide? | proinsulin
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| What is KDEL? | Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu; particular peptide sequence that causes proteins to be captured back from the Golgi
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| What is the targeting signal for sorting to the lysosome? | mannose-6-phosphate
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| What is the mitochondrial import signal? | N-terminal alpha helix with a series of basic AAs on one face
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| What genes do mitochondrial DNA code for? | NADH dehydrogenase, cyto b, cyto oxidase, F1 ATPase
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| Is uptake into the mitochondrial membrane considered to be pre or post translational? | posttranslational
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| What is the nuclear localization signal? | 5-6 AAs; basic and proline
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| Describe uptake of the protein into the nucleus. pre or post translational? | post-translational
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| What is a common post-translational modification to the N-terminus? | removal of methionine and acetylation
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| What are the two types of post-translational glycosylation? | O-linked and N-linked
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| Describe O-linked post-translational glycosylation | covalently bonded to Ser or Thr; one sugar at a time by glycosyltransferases
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| Describe N-linked post-translational glycosylation | linked to Asn; must occur in Asn-Xxx-Ser/Thr sequence;
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| What is the general peptide sequence for collagen? | Gly-X-Y; X= Pro; Y= 4-OHPro
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| Describe the collagen gene. | 50exons; 54bp's and 6GlyXY per base pair
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| What direction does the collagen triple helix form? | C to N-terminus
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| What intracellular post-translational modifications occur in the formation of collagen? | hydroxylations, glycosylations, protofibril formation
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| What enzyme helps for lysine aldehyde cross links? | lysyl oxidase
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| What is the difference between collagen and procollagen? | procollagen still has C and N-propeptides
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| Describe osteogenesis imperfecta. | genetic disorder; characterized by easily breaking bones of varying degree; mutation in type I collagen genes
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