USCSOM: Biochemistry: L29 Protein Synthesis I
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| What enzyme joins amino acids to the correct tRNA? | aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases
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| What end of the tRNA does the amino acid join to? 3' or 5' | 3'
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| What kind of linkage joins the amino acid to the tRNA molecule? | ester
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| What stop codon can sometimes specify seleno cysteine? | UGA
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| What AA is sometimes called the 21st AA? | selenocysteine
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| What special sequence requires a stem-loop forming sequence downstream of a UGA codon? | Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence
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| What is the number of small subunits for higher level organisms? | 40S
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| What is the first codon used in most protein synthesis? | AUG
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| What AA does AUG code for? | Met
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| What is eIF2? Function? | eukaryotic initiation factor 2; binds tRNAiMet to small subunit
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| What is the "Kozak" consesus? | PuPyPyAUGG; favorable start codon
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| What does eIF4 do? | caps the 5' end
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| What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence? | upstream sequence to a start codon that can base pair to 3' end of 16S RNA
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| What is the P-site? | peptide chain bound to the last tRNA
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| WHat is the A-Site? | aminoacyl-tRNA
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| What two things are required for binding an incoming charged tRNA? | hydrolysis of GTP and elongation factors
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| What is peptide bond formation catalyzed by? | 28S rRNA
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| What two things are required for the A-site to move to the P-site? | GTP hydrolysis and EF2
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| How does the peptide chain terminate in the P-site? | stop codons, special release factors bind
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| From what end to what end is the mRNA read? | 5' to 3'
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| From what end to what end is the protein synthesized? | from amino to carboxyl end
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| Peptidyl transferase reside on what rRNA? | 28S
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| What is the term for multiple ribosomes working on a single mRNA? | polysomes
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| What are the 2 times of chaperones? | Hsp 60 and Hsp 70
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| What are function of Hsp 70's? | BiP - major ER chaperone
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| What is another name of Hsp 60? | chaperonins; in mitochondrial matrix; example is GroEL
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| What is the chaperone mechanism? | bind and release hydrophobic regions until all are buried inside of the protein
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| What inhibits pro and eukaryote protein synthesis? | puromycin
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| What inhibits peptidyl transferase in eukaryotes? | cycloheximidine
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| What inihbits protein synthesis initiation and causes misreading in prokaryotes? | Streptomycin
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| What inhibits binding of tRNA to 30s subunit? | tetracycline
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| What inhibits peptidyl transferase in 50s subunits in prokaryotes? | chloramphenicol
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| What binds to 50s subunits and inhibits translocation in prokaryotes? | erythromycin
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