AP Bio Chapter 39
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| Hormones | Chemical signals that coordinate parts of the organism
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| Phototropism | The growth of a shoot towards light. Opposite of negative phototropism.
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| Auxin | Any chemical substance that promotes the elongation of celeoptiles
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| Cytokinins | Growth regulators
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| Gibberellin | Chemical that causes advanced plant growth
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| Abcisic Acid (ABA) | Produced in the terminal bud and slows down growth and directs leaf primordia to develop into the scales that will protect the dormant cells during winter
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| Ethylene | A gaseous by-product of kerosene combustion. Used to ripen fruits.
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| Senescence | A progression of irreversible change that eventually leads to death. Also known as aging.
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| Oligosaccharins | Short chains of sugars released from cell walls by the hydrolytic action of enzymes on cellulose and pectin
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| Brassinosteroids | Common plant hormones required for normal growth and development
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| Gravitropism | Tendency for plants to adjust due to gravity (shoots - negative gravitropism, roots - positive gravitropism)
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| Statoliths | Specialized plastids containing dense starch grains. Used to determine "up from down."
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| Thigmotropism | Directional growth in response to touch
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| Thigmomorphogenesis | Developmental response to mechanical peterbation
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| Action Potentials | Electrical impulses in plants similar to nervous system in animals
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| Sleep Movements | Changing positions of leaves due to the time of day
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| Circadian Rhythm | A physiological cycle with a frequency of about 24 hours
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| Photoperiodism | A physiological response to photoperiod, such as flowering
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| Short-Day Plant | Requires a light period shorter than a critical length to flower
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| Long-Day Plants | Requires a light period longer than a critical length to flower
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| Day-Neutral Plants | Plants unaffected by photoperiod
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| Phytochromes | Pigments that allow a plant to measure the length of darkness in a photoperiod
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| Heat-Shock Proteins | Proteins produced by plants to survive heat stress
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| Gene-For-Gene Recognition | Specific resistance to disease requiring a precise match-up between an allele in the plant and an allele in the pathogen
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| Phytoalexins | Antimicrobial compounds
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| PR Proteins | Pathogen related proteins produced by plants to fight pathogens
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| Hypersensitive Response (HR) | Localized defense response. Enhanced production of phytoalexins and PR proteins occurs and the area is "sealed off."
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| Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) | Non-specific response providing plant against a diversity of pathogens for days. Triggered by HR.
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