Albuterol

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GENERIC NAME

Albuterol

BRAND NAME

Proventil, ventolin

CLASS

Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Selective beta 2 agonist that stimulates adrenergic receptors of the Sympathomimetic nervous system resulting in smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.

INDICATIONS

Treatment of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (COPD, Asthma). Prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Known prior hypersensitivity reactions. Tachycardia, arrhythmias especially those caused by digitalis. Synergistic with other sympathomimetics.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Often dose related and include restlessness, tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, increased BP, and paradoxical bronchospasm.

NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION

Pregnancy safety category C. antagonized by beta blockers. May precipitate angina and arrhythmias. Should only be administered via inhalation in prehospital setting.

INCOMPATABILITIES/DRUG INTERACTIONS

Tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate vasculature effects. Beta blockers are antagonistic. May potentiate Hypokalemia caused by diuretics.

DOSE/ROUTE Adult

2.5mg. Over 10-15 minutes. MDI 1-2 inhalations with 5 minutes in between.

DOSE/ROUTE Pediatric

administer solution of 0.05-0.15 mg/kg/dose. May repeat every 20 min. up to 3 doses.

ONSET OF ACTION

5-15min.

PEAK EFFECTS

30min-2hours

DURATION OF ACTION

3-4 hours.