Neurology EEG and EMG testing
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| EEG measures | the average electrical activity of millions of neurons
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| Sharp spikes on EEG may suggest | epileptic spikes; organized discharge
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| Patients with seizures can have _____ EEGs | normal
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| When are EEG's useful? | When trying to tell if a shaking episode is epilepsy, when attempting to determine consciousness, somewhat useful in detecting the absence of brain activity
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| Absence seizures are usually seen in | children. A form of generalized seizure
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| EEG in Absence Seizures | Have a characterstic EEG pattern which is virtually diagnostic. Require specific anti-epileptic medications
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| NCSE is an ongoing seizure which has little if any movement associated with it – the patients are poorly responsive but the etiology is unclear. EEGs in this case are | helpful to diagnose pt with epilepsy
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| If a person has a focal seizure they are likely/unlikely to develop additional seizures because the seizure is due to some focal lesion | Likely!
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| What EEG sign indicates likelihood of further seizures? | epileptiform discharges
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| Structural brain lesion on MRI | indicates likelihood patient will have further seizures
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| How long after a seizure should a patient not drive? | 6 months
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| Pseudoseizures | Usually requires an EEG recording during an episode for proper diagnosis (video/EEG). Often is the result of significant emotional trauma such as prior physical, sexual or emotional abuse. Pseudoseizures do not respond to epilepsy meds
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| EEG waves over a lesion or a mass | muted or slowed. In the past, was used to locate mass lesion. Today, we use imaging
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| Flat EEG | usually indicates brain death. However, there are patients who meet criteria for brain death who still have some EEG activity
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| electrical study of the muscle activity is called | Electromyography
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| Nerve conduction studies | how fast does the electric activity get to the point of interest, and how much electricity gets there. (timing and amplitude)
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| axonal injury affects | amplitude or size, not speed(demyelination affects speed)
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| EEG and EMG accuracy depend on | user skill
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| When is an EMG/NCV useful? | They are potentially useful whenever there is a suspicion of peripheral nerve or muscle injury. Good for detecting Carpel tunnel Syndrome, Very good for investigating polyneuropathy. Sometimes useful for radiculopathy or muscle diseases
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| Evoked Potential Studies | Evoked Potential Studies are electrical studies used to study the conduction of central nervous system pathways
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| Three types of evoked potential studies | visual, brainstem (auditory), somatosensory
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| EMG and NC look at the _____ system, while Evoked potential looks at the _______ system | PNS; CNS
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| In what diseases is evoked potential useful for diagnosis? | somatosensory Evoked Potentials are useful in Multiple sclerosis, spinal cord diseases, and certain other specific circumstances. Otherwise, they are not used frequently
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