Ch 8 Vascular access, and admi.
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| The total body water constitutes how much of the weight of an adult man? In % | 60%
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| What is intracellular fluid and how much in % does it account for body weight | Water contained inside the cells. 45%
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| What is extracellular fluid and how much in % does it account for body weight | the water outside the cells. 15%
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| Intracellular fluid is further devided into 2 other types of fluids. What are they | Interstitial fluid, and Intravascular fluid.
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| What is Interstitial fluid and how much in % does it account for in body weight | The water bathing the cells. 10.5% of the body weight
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| What is intravascular fluid and how much in % does it account for in body weight | The watger within the blood vessels (Plasma). 4.5%
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| A solution is a mixture of what 2 things | Solute, Solvent
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| What is a solvent | A fluid that does the dissolving, or the solution that contains the dissolved components.
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| What is a solute | The dissolved particles contained in the solvent.
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| When compounds or charges concentrated on one side of the cell membrane move across it to an area of lower concentratrion, This is referred to as | Diffusion
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| When a cell uses energy to actively transport compounds across it's membrane, this is called | Active transport
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| What reflects the concentration of sodium in a solution and the movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside the cell | Tonicity
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| A healthy person loses approximately how much fluid from urine output, the lungs, and skin | 2-2.5L
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| What is defined as inadequate total systemic fluid volume | Dehydration
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| What is it called when the body's total systemic fluid volume increases | Overhydration
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| What are the fiv e basic types of IV fluids | Isoytonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Crystalloid, colloid
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| Lactated ringers should not be given to patients with liver failure becuase, | They can't metabolize the lactate
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| D5W is an isotonic solution in the bag, but becomes what type of solution once administered | hypotonic
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| Hypotonic solutions can cause cells to do what | Lise
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| a Hypotonic solution will cause whater to what | be pulled from the vascular compartment and into the interstitial space potentially causeing cells to burst
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| What is third spacing | An abnormal fluid shift into the interstitial compartment.
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| What are crystalloid solutions | Dissolved crystals in water. Like sugar and salt
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| What is the 3-1 replacement rule | When administering an isotonic crystalloid solution you have to replace 1ml of blood (say from blood loss) with 3ml of isotonic crystalloid solution
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| Why use the 3-1 rule. What happens to 2/3 of the solution | It will leave the vascular space in about an hour
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| What are the fluid bolus rates when trying to maintain profusion and LOC | 20ml/kg
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| What blood type is universally compatible | O-negative blood
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| What is a perpheral vein | a vein that can be palpated and/or seen.
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| What size are microdrip sets | 60gtts
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| What size are macrodrip sets | 10 or 15gtts
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| Putting an IV in the leg puts the patient more at risk for | Venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism
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| The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue causing localized edema is known as | infiltration
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| Inflammation of the vein and the presence of a clot is known as | Thrombophlebitis
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| The physical blockage of a vein or catheter is known as | Occlusion
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| An accumulation of blood in the tissue surrounding an iv site is known as | a hematoma
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| Foreign protiens capacle of producing a fever are | Pyrogens
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| What is characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation | pyrogenic reaction
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| How can you largely avoid a pyrogenic reaction | inspecting the bag for any leaks cloudiness or discoloration
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| How much extra fluid can a healthy adult handle without compromise | 2-3 liters
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| How much air introduced into the circulatory system can a healthy adult handle without compromise | 200ml
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| The shaft of a long bone is called | diaphysis
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| the ends of a long bone are called | epiphyses
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| The growth plate of the long bone is called | epiphyseal plate
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| What occurs when the IO needle doesn’t rest in the IO space, but rather rests outside the bone | Extravesation
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| Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by an infection is called | Osteomyelitis
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| Contraindications to an IO are | fracture, osteoporosis, osteogenesis perfecta, bilateral knee replacements.
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| Only four medications can be administered through an et tube. What are they? LEAN | Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, Narcan.
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| List in order the rates of absorption of all medication delivery routes, in order from fastest to slowest | IO, IV, ET, Inhalation, Sublingual, IM, SC, Rectal, Oral, and Topical.
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