Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Weath,Sed,&Soils

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Term
Definition
Weathering   The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of Earth materials as they are exposed to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere  
🗑
Parental Material   The original rocks and minerals that are weathered. Exerts some control on how easily the material is weathered, the type and style of weathering and the material that results  
🗑
Erosion   The removal of weathered material away from the location of original parent material, typically in a fluid medium  
🗑
Differential Weathering   Rocks are not homogeneous, therefore they may weather at varying rates  
🗑
Mechanical Weathering   Physical forces break apart Earth materials to make smaller fragments; Product is different size and shape but same composition as parent material  
🗑
Chemical Weathering   Decomposition and alteration of the composition of Earth materials; Product is different composition than the parent method  
🗑
Fluvial Weathering   water moving downslope under gravity; intensity of weathering controlled by water volume, velocity, and composition as well as terrain slope  
🗑
Eolian Weathering   the atmosphere moving sediment; wind velocity and density; moisture content of sediments  
🗑
Coastal (Tidal/Wave) Weathering   Rhythmic action of waves/tides; wave amplitude, length and composition/density  
🗑
Crystal Wedging   Expansion during crystal growth exerts considerable force; Frost, Salt and Gypsum wedging  
🗑
Expansion/Contraction Weathering   Relieving stress at new Temperature and Pressure; Pressure releases - sheet joints, exfoliation domes; Thermal; Hydration  
🗑
Biological Weathering   Animals (burrowing, digging, etc.); Plants (roots); Lichens; Bacteria  
🗑
Anthropogenic Weathering   Construction; Mining; Recreation  
🗑
Mineral Stability   Minerals are in equilibrium with the environment in which they formed; Quartz is stable at Earth surface conditions; Olivine is unstable at Earth surface conditions  
🗑
Solution Weathering   The dissociation of elements in water to produce ions; Carbonates and Evaporites  
🗑
Oxidation   The addition of oxygen to a compound in an oxic environment; Iron plus Oxygen react to form Hematite  
🗑
Reduction   Removal of oxygen from a compound in an anoxic environment; Sulfate is reduced to sulfide; Hematite is reduced to Pyrite  
🗑
Hydrolosis   Decomposition involving the addition of water; Anhydrite is hydrated to form Gypsum; Feldspars are decomposed to produce clays  
🗑
Sediment   Solid material that has settled down from a state of suspension in a liquid; Solid fragmental material transported and deposited by wind water or ice, chemically precipitated form solution, or secreted by organisms.  
🗑
Sediment shape   Angular; Subangular; Subrounded; Rounded  
🗑
Sedimental Transport   Mechanisms of transport are effectively the same as the mechanisms that induce mechanical weathering - Fluvial, Eolian, Wave, Wind, Gravity, Biological, Anthropogenic  
🗑
Soil   Unconsolidated association of regolith, humus and water  
🗑
Regolith   Weathered bedrock  
🗑
Humus   Carbon derived from the decay of organic material  
🗑
Residual Soils   Soil that form in place by the decomposition of underlying bedrock  
🗑
Transported Soils   Soils that form from sediments that have been transported away from the area by their source bedrock  
🗑
Climate   Primary driver of soil formation  
🗑
Factors that control soil development   Host Rock composition, Moisture, Temperature, Fluid Content. Biology, Topography (Slope and Orientation)  
🗑
Pedalfer Soil   Develops in moist climates; Moderate O and A Horizon; Dispered B Horizon; Extensive C Horizon  
🗑
Pedocal Soil   Develops in Arid climates; Thin O and A Horizon; Moderate B and C horizon  
🗑
Laterite Soil   Develops in Tropical Climates; Well developed O horizon; Extensive A, B, and C horizon  
🗑
Physical Deterioration of Soil   Erosion; Sheet Erosion; Rill Erosion; Compaction  
🗑
Erosion   The loss of soil from vegetation change can cause significant degradation by both wind and water  
🗑
Sheet Erosion   Thin, uniform layers are removed from the entire surface  
🗑
Rill Erosion   Soil is removed along preferential, channelized flow paths  
🗑
Rills   Small-scale erosion  
🗑
Gullies   Large-scale erosion  
🗑
Compaction   Cattle and machinery  
🗑
Chemical Deterioration   Degradation of soils by the alteration of the composition such that they can no longer sustain desired vegetation  
🗑
Preventing Erosion   Crop rotation; Contour plowing; Terrace construction; No-till farming; Environmental regualtions; Location  
🗑
Bauxile   The accumulation of aluminum in lateritic soils as a result of the deterioration of Aluminum rich igneous rocks  
🗑
Gossan   Oxidation and leaching of sulfide minerals results in the concentration of iron and heavy metals  
🗑
Placer   Concentrated deposits that result from the settling high density particles during transport.  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: FaithRaquel2015
Popular Science sets