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Pronunciation of Terms

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Question
Answer
Acquired immunity   Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.  
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Adenoids   Masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.  
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Allergen   Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in a body; an antigen.  
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Allergy   Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen).  
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Anaphylaxis   Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.  
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Antibody   Protein produced in the bloodstream by lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen, such as a bacterium or toxin. Antibodies destroy or weaken antigens.  
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Atopy   Intense allergic reaction influenced by hereditary tendency or predisposition.  
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Autoimmune disease   Chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples.  
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Axillary node   Lymph node under the arm.  
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B cell   A lymphocyte that originates in bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.  
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CD4+ cells   Helper T cells that carry the CD4+ protein antigen on their surface.  
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Cell-mediated immunity   Type of immune response that involves T cell lymphocytes. These lymphocytes act directly on antigens to destroy them.  
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Cervical node   Lymph node in the neck.  
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Cytokine   Protein that aids cells to destroy antigens. Examples are interleukins and interferons.  
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Cytotoxic T cell   T cell lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells; T8 cell.  
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Dendritic cell   A type of macrophage that captures antigens and presents them to T cells for destruction.  
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ELISA   Test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in blood. This is a screening test for AIDS.  
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Helper T cell   Lymphocyte that aids a B cell lymphocyte in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production.  
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Hodgkin disease   Malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes.  
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HIV   Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS.  
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Humoral immunity   Type of immune response in which a B cell lymphocyte transforms into a plasma cell and secretes antibodies.  
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Hypersensitivity   Abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen.  
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Hypersplenism   Syndrome of spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) and destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis).  
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Immune response   The body’s capability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that can damage tissue and organs.  
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Immunoelectrophoresis   Laboratory test that separates immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgD, IgE, and IgA).  
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Immunoglobulins   Antibodies (proteins) secreted by B-cell lymphocytes (plasma cells).  
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Immunosuppression   Blocking or turning off the normal immune response.  
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Immunotherapy   Use of immunologic techniques to treat disease.  
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Inguinal node   Lymph node in the groin region.  
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Interferons   Anti-viral proteins secreted by lymphocytes.  
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Interleukins   Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the immune system including B & T cell lymphocytes.  
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Interstitial fluid   Fluid that fills the spaces in between cells.  
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Kaposi sarcoma   Malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue; associated with AIDS.  
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Lymph   Fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes.  
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Lymphadenitis   Inflammation of lymph nodes.  
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Lymphadenopathy   Disease of lymph nodes.  
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Lymph capillaries   Tiny lymph vessels that carry lymph through the body.  
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Lymphedema   Abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph.  
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Lymph node   Mass of stationary lymphatic tissue along the path of lymph vessels.  
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Lymphocytes   White blood cells that develop primarily in lymph nodes and the spleen and fight against foreign organisms.  
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Lymphocytosis   Increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream.  
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Lymphocytopenia   Deficiency of lymphocytes.  
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Lymphoid organs   Organs containing and derived from lymphatic tissue; spleen, thymus gland and lymph nodes.  
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Lymphoma   Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.  
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Lymphopoiesis   Formation of lymphocytes.  
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Lymph vessels   Carry lymph throughout the body.  
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Macrophage   Large phagocyte found in lymphatic tissues and connective tissues; derived from a monocyte.  
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Mediastinal node   Lymph node in the mediastinum (central area between the lungs in the chest).  
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Monoclonal antibody   Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack specific antigens.  
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Multiple myeloma   Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells (plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins).  
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Natural immunity   Person’s own genetic ability to fight off disease. It includes phagocytes and lymphocytes such as natural killer cells.  
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Natural killer cell   Lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys foreign cells by releasing proteins called cytokines.  
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma   Malignant tumor of cells (lymphocytes and large macrophages called histocytes) found in lymph nodes and spleen  
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Opportunistic infections   Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex, and Pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia (PCP).  
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Plasma cell   B cell lymphocyte that secretes antibodies.  
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Protease inhibitor (PI)   Drug used to treat AIDS by blocking production of protease, an enzyme that helps HIV to reproduce.  
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Retrovirus   Virus that makes copies of itself using the host cell’s DNA, a process that is the reverse of the normal replication mechanism in cells. HIV is a retrovirus.  
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Reverse transcriptase   Drug used to treat AIDS by blocking an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV.  
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Right lymphatic duct   Receives lymph from the right side of the body and empties lymph into a vein in the neck.  
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Spleen   Organ adjacent to the stomach (in the LUQ) that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells.  
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Splenectomy   Removal of the spleen.  
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Splenomegaly   Enlargement of the spleen.  
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Suppressor T cell   Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cell lymphocytes.  
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T cell   Lymphocyte originating in the thymus gland and destroys antigens by direct action or production of cytokines such as interferons and interleukins.  
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Thoracic duct   Large lymphatic vessel in the upper chest.  
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Thymectomy   Removal of the thymus gland.  
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Thymoma   Malignant tumor of the thymus gland.  
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Thymus gland   Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that produces T cell lymphocytes and aids in the immune response.  
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Tonsils   Masses of lymphatic tissue on either side of the back of the mouth.  
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Toxic   Pertaining to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance.  
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Toxins   Poison or harmful substance.  
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Vaccination   Introduction of a vaccine (containing dead or weakened antigen) to produce immunity. It is a type of acquired immunity.  
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Vaccine   Weakened or dead antigens to induce antibody production.  
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Viral load test   Measures the amount of HIV in the blood stream.  
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Wasting syndrome   Weight loss and decrease in muscle strength, appetite, and mental activity that occurs with AIDS.  
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Western blot   Specific test to detect presence of anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream.  
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