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Networking Security Chapter 7 Terms

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Term
Definition
Anomaly-based monitoring   A monitoring technique used by an intrusion detection system that creates a baseline of normal activities and compares actions against the baseline Whenever there is a significant deviation from this baseline, an alarm is raised.  
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Application-aware firewall   A firewall that can identify the applications that send packets through the firewall and then make decisions about the applications.  
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Application-aware IDS   A specialized intrusion detection system that is capable of using "contextual knowledge" in real time.  
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Application-aware IPS   An intrusion prevention system that knows information such as the applications that are running as well as the underlying operating system.  
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Application-aware proxy   A special proxy server that knows the application protocols that it supports.  
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Behavior-based monitoring   A monitoring technique used by an IDS that uses the normal processes and actions as the standard and compares actions against it.  
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Content inspection   Searching incoming web content to match keywords.  
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Defense in depth   A defense that uses multiple types of security devices to protect a network. Also called layerd security.  
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Demilitarized zone   A separate network that rests outside the secure network perimeter: untrusted outside users can access the DMZ but cannot enter the secure network.  
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Firewall rules   A set of individual instructions to control the actions of a firewall.  
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Heuristic monitoring   A monitoring technique used by an intrustion detection system (IDS) that uses an algorithm to determine if a threat exists.  
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Host-based IDS (HIDS)   A software based application that runs on a local host computer that can detect an attack as it occurs.  
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Intrusion detection system (IDS)   A device that detects an attack as it occurs.  
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Layered security   A defense that uses multiple types of security devices to protect a network. Also called defense in depth.  
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Load balancer   A dedicated network device that can direct requests to different servers based on a variety of factors.  
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Malware inspection   Searching for malware in incoming web content  
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Network access control (NAC)   A technique that examines the current state of a system or network device before it is allowed to connect to the network.  
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Network address translation (NAT)   A technique that allows private IP addresses to be used on the public internet.  
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Network intrusion detection system (NIDS)   A technology that watches for attacks on the network and reports back to a central device.  
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Network intrusion prevention system (NIPS)   A technology that monitors network traffic to immediately react to block a malicious attack.  
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Protocol analyzer   Hardware or software that captures packets to decode and analyze their contents.  
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Proxy server   A computer or application program that intercepts user requests from the internal secure network and then processes those requests on hahalf of the suers.  
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Remote access   Any computer or an application program that intercepts user requests from the internal secure network and then processes those requests on behalf of the suers.  
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Remote access   Any combination of hardware and software that enables remote users access a local internal network.  
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Reverse proxy   A computer or an application program that routes incoming requests to the correct server.  
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Router   A device that can forward packets across computer networks.  
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Signature-based monitoring   A monitoring technique used by an intrusion detection system that examines network traffic to look for well known patterns and compares the activities against a predefined signature  
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subletting   A technique that uses IP addresses to divide a network into network, subnet, and host.  
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Switch   A device that connects network segments and forwards only frames intended for that specific device or frames sent to all devices.  
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Unified Thread Management (UTM)   Network hardware that provides multiple security functions.  
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URL filtering   Restricting access to unapproved websites.  
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Virtual LAN (VLAN)   A technology that allows scattered users to be logically grouped together even though they may be attached to differed switches.  
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Virtual private network (VPN)   A technology that enables use of an unsecured public network as if it were a secure private network  
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VPN concentrator   A device that aggregates VPN connections  
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Web application firewall   A special type of application-aware firewall that looks at the applications using HTTP.  
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Web security gateway   A device that can block malicious content in real time as it appears (without first knowing the URL of the dangerous site).  
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