Endocrinology
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| Cortisol | main glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
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| What kind of secretion dose cortisol have? | Diurnal. Highest in the morning, lowest in the evening
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| Cortisol functions | increases glucose and gluconeogenesis.
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| Too high cortisol | turns off acth production
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| Low cortisol | ACTH ramps up
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| What affects serum cortisol levels? | Circadian rhythm, stres and glucocortioid use
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| How can you measure cortisol levels? | 24 hour urine cortisol; specifically in screening for Cushing's syndrome. Salivary cortisol can also be obtained.
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| 24 hour urine cortisol | Collect 5ml from a 24 hour-collection within 4 hours of completion
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| ACTH is also known as | Corticotropin
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| High ACTH levels indicate | primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
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| Low ACTH levels indicate | secondary adrenal insufficiency
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| Increased ACTH present in | come back to
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| Decreased ACTH present in | come back to
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| Normal responsee to dexamethasone | Suppression of cortisol secretion
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| Name the indirect way to measure plasma glucocorticoids | 17-OCHS levels; lab limitations caused by drugs, estrogens, urine glucose
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| What is the primary method of evaluation of endocrine issues? | Labs (imaging is not first)
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| What imaging study is used to look for calcification on the adrenal cortex that may be due to a TB infection? | X-ray
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| What imaging method is used to evaluate the size and shape of the adrenal glands and pituitary? | CT or MRI
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| Aldosterone production is regulated by the | kidney renin-aldosterone system
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| One of the few causes of HTN that is potentially curable | Primary Hyperaldosteronism
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