Endocrinology Diagnostic Methods
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| Growth hormone stimuli | Exercise, hypoglycemia, high protein diet, acute starvation, and oral contraceptives (secondary to estrogen)
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| Causes of GH deficiency | Obesity and corticosteroid therapy
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| Preferred Imaging study for diagnosing pituitary adenoma | MRI
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| Hypersecretion of GH causes | Acromegaly or Pituitary gigantism
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| Normal response of GH to hyperglycemia | Hyperglycemia normally suppresses GH secretion. Hypoglycemia prompt GH release
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| Pituitary Dwarfism causes | Pituitary tumors, Pituitary damage, Pure GH deficiency
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| IGF-1 levels are better than ___ in diagnosing Pituitary Dwarfism | GH; IGF-1 levels are more consistent throughout the day whereas GH has a dirunal variation
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| Where is IGF-1 made? | Synthesized in the liver, influenced by nutritional status of an individual (low levels in malnutrition)
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| Function of IGF-1 | Mediates the effect of GH on skeletal muscle
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| Prolactinomas | the most common disorder involving excess pituitary secretion
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| ACTCH stimlutes what? | glucocorticoid (cortisol is the predominant form) production in the adrenal cortex
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| 2 Major actions of ADH | Alters the permeability of renal collecting tubules to water to keep water in the body, causes vasoconstriction
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| ADH is secreted at what serum osmolality? | 285mOsm/liter
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| How does renal dysfunction affect ADH? | causes decreased response to ADH and results in lower concentrating ability. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
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| Central Diabetes Insipidus | Hypothalmic origin...ADH production or release is deficient
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| ADH regulation altered by | neoplasm, surgery, trauma, inflammatory destruction of tissue (MI) or idiopathic
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| Diabetes Insipidus diagnosis | come back to
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| ADH deficiency | come back to
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| Primary ADH deficiency | Come back to
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| Nephrogenic DI or psychogenic | come back to
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| Causes of polyuria | hyperglycemia, uremia, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, diuretic rx, renal dz of sodium or bicarb excretion
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| Psychogenic polydipisia | Compulsive, abnormal intake of fluids causes low concentration diuresis (tubules don't respond to ADH temporarily)
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| SIADH | excessive levels of ADH active material of non-pituitary origin. Low serum sodium levels, urine very concentrated. Look at BUN and Creatinine
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| Normal urine and serum osmolarity | Urine osm<Serum
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| SIADH urin and serum osmolarity | urine osm>serum
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| High serum calacium levels stimulates the thyroid to release | Calcitonin
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| Calcitonin causes | Calcium deposition in bone
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| Low serum calcium stimulates | PTH release
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| PTH causes | Calcium resorption from bone
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| PTH main function | Maintenance of adequate serum calcium levelss
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| alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | an enzyme associatd with osteocyte activity, primarily bone deposition. Elevated in growing kids. In adults, if ALP is high, but liver function is normal, think bone mets.
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| Metaolites of Vit D do what? | enhance PTH's effect on mobilization of skeletal calcium and phosphorus
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| Prolactin's unique feature | Prolactin is a unique hormone in that secretion is not driven by "positive stimulation", instead it has constant production unless suppressed by a specific inhibitory mechanism.
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