Mood Disorders
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| what are the two mood disorders? | unipolar depression and bipolar disorder
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| what is the difference between mania and depression? | mania is a state of breathless euphoria and depression is a low, sad state
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| what causes major depressive disorder? | biological predisposition, abnormal levels of norepinephrine and serotonin, abnormal levels of cortisol or melatonin
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| how does the biological perspective treat major depressive disorder? | antidepressants > maois, tricyclics, and SSRIs and electroconvlusive shock therapy
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| what do MAOIs do? what is the danger? | break down norepinephrine; dietary restrictions-can cause strokes if eat foods with triamaynes from high BP
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| what do tricyclics do? | increases NT activity in synapse; increases heartrate so must get regular EEGS
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| SSRIs act on what NT? what are the benefits? | serotonin; less side effects, no dietary restrictions, less likely to OD
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| how does the psychodynamic perspective view unipolar depression? | early losses in life set stage; use free association and therapist interpretation
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| how does the behavioral perspective view depression? | related to rewards received in life; tries to improve social skills
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| how does the cognitive perspective view depression? | learned helpelessness & negative thinking are causes
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| what are the four interrelated compononents of depression? | maladaptive attitudes, cognitive triad (self, future, experiences) in negative ways, make errors in thinking, experience automatic thoughts
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| how does the cognitive model treat depression? (beck) | increasing activities, challenging automatic thoughts, identifying negative thinking, changing primary attitudes
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| what are the criteria for bipolar disorder? | manic episode > 3 or more symptoms of mania lasting one week or more; history of mania > hypomanic or depression
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| what are emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive, and physical symptoms of mania? | emotions seeking outlet, need for constant excitement/companionship, moving quickly, poor judgment, high energy level
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| what are the two kinds of bipolar disorder? | bipolar 1 > full manic and depressive episodes and bipolar 2 > hypomanic and depressive episodes-can still function
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| what NTs play a role in depression and mania? | low serotonin + low norepinephrine = depression; low serotonin + high norepinephrine = mania
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| what role can ions play in bipolar disorder? | may be improperly transported; fire too easily = mania, resist firing = depression
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| do genetics play a role in bipolar disorder? | there is a potential link
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| what is the best treatment for bipolar disorder? | lithium & adjunctive psychotherapy
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| what is the leading cause of death in the world? | suicide
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| how do suicide rates of men and women differ? | women are more likely to attempt (3x), men are more likely to be successful (3x)
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| what is suicuide related to? | marital status, social support
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| how does the suicide rate of white americans compare to african americans? | suicide rate of white americans is twice as high
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| what are some common predictors of suicide? | substance abuse, mental health disorder, history of suicide in family
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| which group is most likely to commit suicide and why? | elderly; illness, loss of control, loss of social support, loss of social status
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| what treatments are used after suicide attempts? | medical care then psychotherapy and drug treatments
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| what are the therapist's goals for suicidal? | keep person alive, get to a nonsuicidal state of mind, improve/develop coping skills
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