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Small subdivison of the arteries they carry blood in the capillaries.

arteriole

which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

arteries

tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow for exchanges between systems; connect

capillary

Which type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls

capillaries

To what organs does the pulmonary circuit deliver blood?

lungs and heart

List the three types of vessels found in pulmonary circulation

pulmonary artery, capillaries, and veins

Which type of blood vessel has three layers, one of which is thick and muscular, that are separated by elastic tissue?

Artery

The most inferior portion of the aorta

abdominal aorta

What arteries supply the heart muscle

left and right coronary arteries

what artery supplies blood to the intestine

superior and inferior mesenteric artery

List the paired lateral branches of the abdominal aorta

phrenic, suparenal, renal, ovarion, testicular, and lumbar

what arteries supply the diaphragm

phrenic

The abdominal aorta finally divides into what two arteries

Common iliac arteries

The external iliac arteries continue into the thigh as what arteries

femoral and popliteal

The 1st branch of the subclavian artery?

vertebral artery

communication between two vessels

anastomosis

What is the purpose of an arterial anastomosis

blood reaches vital organs by more than one route

What is the superficial palmar arch formed by the union of?

radial and ulnar arteries

List the 3 largest superficial veins in the arm

cephalic, basilic, and median cubital

The longest veins in the body

saphenous veins

What veins drain the areas supplied by the carotid arteries?

jugular veins

What vein is formed by the union of the subclavian and jugular veins

brachiocephalic

Would a blood cell going from the left thumb to the heart pass through the jugular vein

What part of the body does the superior vena cava drain

head, neckm and upper extremities

What does the azygos vein drain and where does it empty?

veins of the chest; superior vena cava

Where do the lumbar veins drain

inferior vena cava

a large channel that drains deoxygenated blood, but does not have the usual tubular structure of the veins

venous sinus

List the Cranial Venous Sinus

cavernous, petrosal, superior sagittal and transverse (lateral)

What sinuses drain the opthalmic veins

cavernous

In a portal system, blood circulates through what before returning to the heart

a second capillary bed

In the hepatic portal system, the veins that drain blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestine deliver blood to what organ instead of directly into the inferior vena cava

hepatic portal vein of the liver

What is the main process by which substances move between cells and the capillary blood?

plasma proteins

decrease in a blood vessels diameter, causing a decrease in blood flow

vasoconstriction

What does the precapillary sphincter do when tissues need more oxygen?

widens to allow more blood to enter

List three mechanisms that promote the return of blood to the heart

contraction of skeletal muscle, valves, breathing

The pulse is most commonly obtained at what artery?

radial artery

What fingers should be used to take a pulse?

second and third finger

Is the pulse generally faster in men or women?

women

Will a newborn have a fast or slow pulse?

fast

What effect will increase blood viscosity have on blood pressure

increase blood pressure

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure is reported as systolic pressure first, followed by what?

diastolic

What pressure occurs during relaxation of the heart muscle

diastolic

high blood pressure is also known as what?

hypertension

Hypertension that has no apparent medical cause is what?

essential hypertension

How does renin raise blood pressure

causes blood vessels to constrict and promotes kidney's retention of salt and water

hardening of the arteries

arteriosclerosis

bulging sac in the wall of a blood vessel caused by a localized weakness in that part of the vessel

aneurysm

What artery may be pressed to stop hemorrhage on the side of the face and around the ear?

temporal

What artery may be pressed to avoid serious hemorrhage of the lower extremity

femoral

refers to life-threatening condition in which there is inadequate blood flow to the body tissues

shock

a type of shock that is sometimes referred as pump failure, is often complication of heart muscle damage, as occurs in MI, the leading cause of shock death

Cardiogenic

another type of shock that is the 2nd leading type of shock it is usually the result of an overwhelming bacterial infection

septic

it is caused by a decrease in the volume of circulating blood and may follow severe hemorrhage or burns

Hypovolemic

is a severe allergic reaction to foreign substances to which the person has been sensitized.

Anaphylactic

a piece of clot that becomes loose and floats in the blood

embolus

inflammation of the vein

phlebitis

brachi/o