Membrane structure and function
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| What does an Amphipathic molecule contain? | hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
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| What is an Aquaporin and what does it do? | they are channel proteins and they facilitate the passage of water
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| What is the process of diffusion? | to spread out evenly into the available space, each molecule moves randomly
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| What is it called when as many molecules cross one way as cross in the other direction? | dynamic equilibrium
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| Explain how the fluid mosiac model of the membrane structure. | states that a membrane is a fluid structure with a "mosaic" of various proteins embedded in it
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| Explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by temperature and membrane composition. | With cooling, it switches from a fluid state to a solid state. At cooling, it maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing. At warm degrees, cholesterol restrains movement of phospolipids
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| What is the main thing to know about membrane fluidity? | They must be fluid to work properly.
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| What is it called when it's bound to the surface of the membrane? | peripheral membrane proteins
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| What is it called when they are penetrating the hydrophobic core? | integral Membrane proteins
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| What is another term for channel proteins? | aquaporins
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| What is it called when molecules are bind and change shape just to shuttle them across the membrane? | carrier proteins
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| What is it called when there is a diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane? | osmosis
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| What is the process of osmosis? | when water diffuses across a membrane from the region of a lower solute concentration to the region of a higher solute concentration
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| What is it called when it is still passive because the solute moves down its concentration gradient? | facilitated diffusion
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| What does Active Transport do? | it moves substances against their concentration gradient, requires energy, usually in the form of ATP, and is performed by specific proteins embedded in the membranes
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| What is it called wen solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell losing water? | hypertonic
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| What is it called when solute concentration is less than inside the cell; cell gains water? | hypotonic
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| What is it called when solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net movement across the membrane? | isotonic
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| Explain how large molecules are transported across a cell membrane. | they cross the membrane in bulk-aka vesicles
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| What is the major structural components of the cell membrane? | phospholipids and proteins
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| The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals what? | makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within its cell
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| In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the following:a.hydrophilic b.exposed on only one surface of the membrane c.hydrophobic d.amiphipathic e.completely covered in phospholipids | hydrophobic
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| When a membrane is freeze-fractured, the bi-layer splits down the middle between the two layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrograph of a freeze-fractured membrane, the bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrane are what? | integral proteins
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| Which of these is not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all? a.integral proteins b.integrins c.peripheral proteins d.transmembrane proteins e.glycoproteins | peripheral proteins
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| What kind of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? a.large polar b.ionic c.small and hydrophobic d.monosaccharides like glucose e.large and hydophobic | small and hydrophobic
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| Water passes quickly through cell membranes because? a.it's a small, polar charged molecule b.the bilayer is hydrophilic c.water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis d.it moves through aquaporins in the membrane e.it moves through hydrophobic channels | it moves through aquaporins in the membrane
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| After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed? | the water level is higher in side A than in side B
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| What would be a huge factor that would increase the membrane fluidity? | a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
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