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Astronomy

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Question
Answer
Kepler's 1st law of Planetary Motion   The orbit of each planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus  
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Newton   Built the first reflecting telescope (1668)  
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Copernicus   Published heliocentric theory of the Universe (1543)  
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Galileo   Used telescope for astronomical purposes and discovers 4 Jovian moons, Moon's craters, and Milky Way Galaxy (1609)  
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Ptolemy   Suggested geocentric theory of the universe in work Mathematike Syntaxis (140 BC)  
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Brahe   Discovered a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia (1572)  
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Aristarchus   Suggested the Earth revolves around the Sun. He provided the first estimate of Earth-Sun distance (280 BC)  
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Eratosthenes   Measured the circumference of the Earth with surprising accuracy (240 BC)  
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Hipparchus   Developed first accurate star map and star catalogue with over 850 bright stars (130 BC)  
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First Solar/Lunar calendars   2000 BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia  
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Julian Calendar   Purely solar calendar implemented in the Roman Empire (45 BC)  
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Hans Lippershey   Spectacle maker invents telescope (1608)  
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Kepler   Created the 3 laws of Planetary Motion (1609 - 1619)  
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Kepler's 2nd law of Planetary Motion   As a planet moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal areas in equal times. This tells us that a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun (near perihelion) than when it is farther from the Sun (near aphelion) in its orbit.  
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Newton's Laws   3 Laws of Motion and the Universal law of gravitation  
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Newton's Laws of Motion   1) In the absence of a net force, an object moves with constant velocity 2) a net force affects an object's motion. Force = rate of change in momentum or force = mass X acceleration 3) For any force, there is always an equal and opposite reactive force.  
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Newton's Universal law of Gravitation   The force of gravity (Fg) between two objects given by the formula Fg = G(M1M2/d2)  
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Drake Equation   Lays out the factors that play a role in determining the number of communicating civilizations in our galaxy.  
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Circles within circles   Ancient Greek theory that the earth was the center of the Universe and all planets moved in perfect circles around Earth.  
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Heliocentric   Belief that the sun is the center of the Universe  
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Geocentric   Ancient belief that the Earth is the center of the Universe  
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Conservation of energy   Energy (including mass-energy) can be neither created nor destroyed, but can only change from one form to another  
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Conservation of momentum   In the absence of net force, the total momentum of a system remains constant  
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Conservation of angular momentum   in the absence of net torque (twisting force), the total angular moment of a system remains constant  
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Azimuth   Direction around the horizon from due north, measured clockwise in degrees  
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Astronomy   The study of the Universe and movement of the planets  
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Astrology   The study of the movement of the stars and how their alignment affects people's lives  
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Stars in Milky Way   100 Billion  
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Stars in the entire Universe   100 Billion X 100 Billion = 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or 10^22  
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Speed of Light   300,000 km per sec  
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Size of the Earth   Earth = tip of a ballpoint pen Sun = size of a grapefruit  
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Distance to the Sun   1 AU or 150,000,000 km  
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Distance to the moon   4 days from the earth  
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Age of the Solar System   13.7 Billion Years  
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Ecliptic   Apparent movement of the sun and stars across the sky  
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Zenith   90 degrees above the horizon (straight up)  
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Azimuth   left to right direction  
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Mass   amount of particles in a given space  
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Acceleration due to gravity   The acceleration of a falling object which is designated by g = 9.8 m/s squared  
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Energy   what makes matter move; kinetic, potential, radiative  
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Astronimical Units (AU)   The average distance (semimajor axis) of the Earth from the Sun which is about 150 million km  
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Light Year   Distance light travels in one year which is 9.45 trillion km (9.46 x 10^14) which = 300,000 km/sec  
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Rotation   The spinning of an object around its axis  
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Revolution   The orbital motion of one object around another  
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