Module 6 - A Tragic Legacy
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| The Compromise of 1850 | 5 Laws helping N & S - Cali free state; Texas received financial compensation for relinquishing claim to lands west of the Rio Grande; New Mexico no specific prohibition of slavery; No Slave trade in the District of Columbia; Fugitive Slave Law
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| Free Soil Movement | Started August 1846. Popular in 1848 when 3rd party opposing expansion of slavery in the west swung vote to get Whig president Taylor into office. Most later became Republicans.
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| Fugitive Slave Law | Required all U.S. citizens to assist in the return of runaway slaves regardless of the legality of slavery in the specific states.
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| Frederick Douglass | Black abolitionist. Became one of the most effective voices in the crusade against slavery.
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| William Lloyd Garrison | White abolitionist who published The Liberator.
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| Harriet Tubman | Ex-slave that helped with the underground railroad.
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| Harriet Beecher Stowe | 1852. Literary abolitionist who published Uncle Tom's Cabin written from northern perspective on slavery.
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| Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854. Repealed Missouri Compromise. Split the Louisiana Purchase into 2 territories and allowed settlers to accept or reject slavery by popular sovereignty.
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| Stephen A. Douglass | Senator of Illinois. Introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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| Republican Party | 1854. Political Party established following Kansas-Nebraska Act. Opposed to expansion of slavery in Western Territories.
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| Dred Scott Decision | Slave suing for freedom. He had lived in free territory with his owner and then moved back to slave state. Ruling:1. Slave can't sue - not citizen, 2. Wisconsin not free - Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
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| John Brown | Oct. 1859. Raided Harper's Ferry, VA. Wanted to wage war w/South but neighboring slaves wouldn't help so he failed. Tried and found guilty of treason. Executed Dec. 2, 1859. Considered anti-slavery martyr.
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| Election of 1860 | Turning election that led to the civil war.
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| Abraham Lincoln | Republican President. Won the election of 1860. Opposed the Mexican-American War. His presidency caused the secession of 7 southern states and led to Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation. He gave the Gettysburg Address.
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| Jefferson Davis | Became the Southern States acting President
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| Robert E. Lee | Southern General with much success until he became a POW. Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse. Set a good example for ex-Confederates after the Civil War.
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| Ulysses S. Grant | Union General. In Feb. 1862 he took Fort Henry and attacked Fort Donelson. Met Lee at Appomattox Courthouse with terms of surrender.
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| William Tecumseh Sherman | Fought with many great successes for the Union Army. Hated by many in Georgia for his success there.
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| Fort Sumter | April 10-12, 1861. Opening engagement of the American Civil War. Confederates Won.
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| Bull Run | July 21, 1861. First real major conflict of the American Civil War.Proved this was not going to be a one sided war for either side, as was predicted. Spurred a sense of victory in the South, pushing them on, and in the North a feeling for revenge.
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| Shiloh | April 6-7, 1862. Bloodiest battle. Confederate surprise attack on union but when union backup arrived they retreated. Proved to both sides war would not end quickly.
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| Antietam | Sept 17, 1862. Bloodiest 1 day battle. Draw. Lee forced to fall back.
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| Vicksburg | Grant besieged the city from May 25 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union. The Confederate surrender at Vicksburg is sometimes considered the turning point of the war.
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| Gettysburg | July 1-3, 1863. Did not end the war, nor did it attain any major war aim for the North or the South, it remains the great battle of the war. More men actually fought and more men died than in any other battle before or since on North American soil.
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| Secession | When 7 states left the Union based on the slavery vs anti-slavery issue. Those states included: SC, AL, MI, FL, GA, LA, TX
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| Ironclads | Ships clothed in iron panels that made them impervious to enemy cannon fire. Armed with an underwater ram, these ships were designed to slam into and sink the enemy's wooden vessels.
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| The Monitor | Union Ironclad. This ship had an evolving turret enclosing two cannon. This innovation allowed the Monitor to hold a steady course and aim its guns in various directions rather than maneuver the ship in order to fire upon the enemy.
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| The Merrimac | Confederate Ironclad. 1st Ironclad ever built.
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| S - Severe and N - Mild | Who had severe and who had mild paper $ inflation?
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| S - Struggled but Equipped and N - Equipped | Who was equipped for the war and who struggled but was equipped for the war with supplies?
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| S - Conscription Law and N - Draft | Who had the draft and who had the conscription law?
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| Emancipation Proclamation | Jan 1, 1863. Pres Lincoln claimed slaves of Confederate states free. Since the South was not yet defeated they weren't free yet but it made emancipation a clear war aim of the North.
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| Appomattox Courthouse | April 9, 1865. Was the final engagement of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant near the end of the American Civil War.
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| John Wilkes-Booth | Assassinated Pres. Lincoln
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| Ford Theatre | Where Pres. Lincoln was assassinated.
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| 10% Plan | 10% of the people in a state pledged loyalty then the state could be re-admitted to the Union. Republican radicals strongly opposed. They wanted the Wade-Davis Bill which Lincoln pocket-vetoed and was then assassinated. VP put Wade-Davis Bill into effect.
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| Radical Republican | Favored strong protection for black civil rights and provision for their franchisement as a pre-condition for the readmission of southern states.
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| Andrew Johnson | Succeeded Lincoln as President. He was a southern racist who allowed the South to set up "black codes," which essentially maintained slavery under another name. Vetoed all bills & acts helping blacks during his presidency though legislation passed them.
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| Freedman's Bureau | March, 1865. Agency established by congress to provide freedmen w/shelter, food and medical aid and to help them establish schools and find employment.
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| Black Codes | Laws passed by southern states immediately post Civil War in an effort to maintain prewar social order. Attempted to tie freedmen to field work and prevent them from becoming equal to white southerners.
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| Carpet-baggers | Northerners who moved to the south post Civil War to aid or invest in southern economy. Derived from the claim that all they owned was carried in 1 bag.
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| Scalawags | Native white Southern politicians who joined the Republican party after the war and advocated the acceptance of and compliance with congressional Reconstruction.
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| Redeemers | Loose coalition of prewar democrats, confederate army vets, and southern whigs who took over southern state govts in 1870's. White supremacy and laissez-faire economics. "Redeeming from Reconstruction"
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| Ku Kux Klan (KKK) | 1868-1872. Secret terrorist society. Originally in TN. Goals: Disenfranchise blacks, stop reconstruction, and restore prewar social order of the south.
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| Wade Davis Bill | July, 1864. Required 50% of voter's loyalty oath b/f restoration could begin.
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| Jim Crow Laws | Laws enacted by states to segregate the population. Widespread in the south after reconstruction.
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| Plessy vs Ferguson | 1896. U.S. Supreme Court decided that a Louisiana law mandating separate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites on intrastate railroads was constitutional. Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned in 1954 by Brown v. Board of Education.
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