| Question |
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| Answer |
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| Name four main bones of the body. |
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital |
| The brain is divided into two whats. |
Hemisphere's |
| Name the four area's of the Brain. |
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem |
| What are the five functions of the Cerebrum. |
Motor, sensory info, special senses, cognition, memory |
| What are the three functions of the Cerebellum. |
Balance, coordination, smooth muscle control |
| What are the four functions of the diencephalon. |
afferent routing, temp, water balance, emotions |
| What are the 3 functions of the brain stem. |
HR, Resp R., peripheral blood flow |
| How many meninges are there. |
three |
| What are the three meninges called. |
Dura matter, arachnoid mater, pia matter |
| What is the sympathetic nervous system. |
part of the cns that supplies the involuntary muscles. |
| what is the parasympathetic nervous system. |
the system that controls smooth muscle contraction, slowing of the heart rate, and constriction of the pupil |
| How many vessels supply blood to the brain. |
four |
| what vessels supply blood to the brain. |
2 common carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries. |
| What takes precedence over poss. of spinal fracture. |
vital signs |
| What is retrograde amnesia. |
when the athlete can not remember anything before the point of concussion (last week) |
| what is anteriograde amnesia. |
when athlete cant remember stuff that happened after concussion. (3 words) |
| what is tinnitus. |
ringing of the ears. |
| what is nystagmus. |
involuntary eyeball side to side movement. |
| what is photophobia. |
painful reaction to light. |
| what is a common complaint after brain trauma. |
diffuse headaches |
| localized pain indicants what three things. |
contusion, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage |
| what is a coup injury. |
head injury when the stationary skull is hit by a moving object. pain on side of impact. |
| what is a contra coup injury. |
head injury when the skull is moving at a high velocity and is suddenly stopped. Brain is traumatized on opposite side of primary trauma. |
| what is repeated sub concussive forces. |
repeated non traumatic blows to the head |
| what are Rotational or shear forces. |
sudden twisting forces or acceleration and deceleration that result in concussive symptoms. |
| what moi will usually cause the most catastrophic cervical spine injury. |
flexion |
| Reports of muscular weakness in one or more extremities tells you what. |
May indicate trauma to the brain, spinal cord, or one or more spinal nerve roots. |
| A Laterally flexed and rotated skull that is accompanied by muscle spasm on the side opposite that of the tilt may indicate what. |
a dislocation of the cervical vertebra
|
| what is ecchymosis behind the mastoid process. |
Battle’s sign |
| Battle’s sign is indicative of what. |
basilar skull fracture |
| Unilaterally dilated pupil may indicate what. |
intracranial hemorrhage’s placing pressure cranial nerve III
|
| Bleeding from the nose could represent what. |
nasal fracture or a skull fracture |
| what is raccoon eyes. |
Ecchymosis under the eyes that may indicate a skull or nasal fracture |
| what is the halo test testing for. |
csf leakage coming out of the ears in the presence of skull fracture or trauma. |
| what is Decerebrate posture. |
Extension of the extremities and retraction of the head. |
| what is Decorticate posture. |
Flexion of the elbows and wrists, clenched fists, and extension of the lower extremity. |
| what is flexion contraction. |
Arms flexed across the chest |
| What are three balance and coordination tests you should do. |
Romberg Test, Tandem Walking, Balance Error Scoring System |
| If blood pressure doesn't decrease over time or increases over time what should be expected. |
severe intracranial hemorrhage
|
| a severe sign of consciousness would be what. |
loss of consciousness longer than 10 sec or altered consciousness for less than two min. |
| what is anisocoria. |
unequal pupil size. |
| Nystagmus can indicates what. |
Indicates increased intracranial pressure or inner ear dysfunction. |
| What is post concussion syndrome. |
Cognitive impairment following a cerebral concussion. |
| what is a Epidural Hematoma |
Arterial bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. |
| what is a Subdural Hematoma. |
Hematoma formation between the brain and dura mater. |
| what are the two types of subdural hematoma. |
simple and complex. |
| what are the three types of skull fractures. |
Linear, Comminuted, Depressed |
| what is a Jefferson's fracture. |
fracture of a circular bone in two places. |
| Trauma to spinal cord above c4 has a high probability of what? |
death |
| MOI of most cervical fractures or dislocations. |
When the neck is forced into flexion and rotation (C4 to C6) |
| what is Transient Quadriplegia. |
Body-wide state of decreased or absent sensory or and motor function. |
| MOI of Transient Quadriplegia. |
cervical spine hyperextension, hyperflexion or a blow that produces an axial load. |
HHS Shrek
