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Vocab for Matter and Elements

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Term
Definition
*Matter   Anything that has mass and takes up space.  
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Mass   The material that matter is made up of.  
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Volume   How much room/space matter takes up  
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Density   D = mass divided by volume The amount of material/stuff matter takes up within a specific space.  
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*Atom   The smallest part on an element, The building blocks of all matter.  
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*Electron   The particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus with a negative charge and attractive force that allows it to band with other atoms creating everything in the universe.  
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*Proton   A particle of an atom with a positive charge found inside the nucleus.  
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*Neutron   A particle of an atom with no charge found inside the nucleus along with the proton  
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*Periodic Table   A large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties.  
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*Element   A substance that can't be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe.  
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*Periods/Rows   Rows that tell you how many energy levels each element has for the electrons to move around.  
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*Groups or family/columns   Columns that tell how many valance electrons each element has  
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*Valance electrons   The electrons move in the outer shell of an atom  
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*Atomic number   How many protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus  
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*Atomic Mass   The measurement of the mass for an elements atoms  
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*Chemical Property   The ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules  
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*Physical Property   The state of matter and appearance of a substance  
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Ionic Bond   when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding  
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Covalent Bond   when elements share electrons during bonding  
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*Chemical change/reaction   Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change  
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*Compound/molecule   Two or more elements combine together creating a whole, new and different substance  
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*Mixture   Two or more substances mixed together keeping their original properties  
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*Nobel Gasses   All of the elements in Group #18~ they have 8 electrons in their outer shell and are the most stable  
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*Halogens   All of the elements in Group #17~ they have 7 balance electrons and are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1  
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*Alkali Metals   All of the elements in Group #1~they only have one valance electron so they are very reactive  
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Metalloids   They have 3-7 valance electrons. Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way  
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*Endothermic   Chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy.  
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Exothermic   The production cold.  
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