Common Equine Emergencies and Frist Aide
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| Warning Signs of problems (subtle) | anorexia, depressed, laying down longer than usually, off by themselves, fever (Temp >101.5), abnormal gum color (red, purple, white or yellow)
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| Warning Signs (more severe) | Squinting, swollen or tearing eye (especially in SE because of fungi); yellow or green nasal discharge, sweating profusely, lame
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| Warning Signs (Most sever) | Rolling, pawing, colic; unable to move or get up; walking drunk (ataxia), profuse bleeding, difficultly breathing.
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| It is essentially you know a horses ---- vital signs, so you can note a change in the parameters. | normal
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| Normal Signs on Adult Horse- Temp; Heart rate; respiratory rate; gum color and number of poops per day | Temp 99-101.5; Heart Rate- 28-48; Respiratory rate 10-24 breaths/minute; Pink gums; 6-10 piles of manure per 24 hours
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| Normal Neonate- Temp; Heart rate; respiratory rate; gum color, normal suckling behavior and number of poops | Temp- 99-101.5; Heart rate- 80-120; respiratory rate 20-40; gum color is pink; nursing 4-6 times per hours and number of poops 2-4 piles per day of pasty poop
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| 10 Things to have in emergency first aid supplie kit- | Thermometer, Stethoscope, Flashlight, essential phone numbers; latex gloves, wound dressing, poultice, antiseptics, soap scissors, eye wash, hoof pick and knife, cold pack and "bute" or phenylbutazone
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| What Colic is? What are mild signs? | Mild signs of colic are did not eat all of meal, laying down more than normal and decreased manure production. It is abdominal pain.
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| Other signs of Colic? | Pawing, Stretching Out, Flank watching, and abrasions on the face from rolling. Also teeth grinding, and excessive salivation. Bloated abdomen, and rolling getting up and down, thrashing.
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| What causes Colic? | Many things- mostly intestinal accidents, most common causes are gas, spasmodic colic and impaction, which don't require surgical intervention, about 90% of colics can be treated on the farm.
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| Three generally categories of colics: Intestinal Dysfunction; Accidents and Inflamation and Ulceration | Dysfunction- Gas, spasms, impaction from sand. Or something floated in the wrong location.; Accidents- Displacements or torsions, strangulation. Inflammation/Ulceration- colitis (always cx diarrhea), enteritis (notice gastric reflux), gastric ulcers
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| Gas/Spasmodic Colic- Cxs | Sudden changes in diet- ie new hay, lush green pasture, or too much grain. Stress?; parasites (where tapeworms are found at the illeocecum valve) and sand.
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| Causes of Impaction Colic- | Feed material impaction can be caused by not drinking enough water (some are picky about taste), water too hot/ cold/ unavailable. Too much exercise and get dehydrated. Traveling and get dehydrated. Poor teeth, don't chew food well and poor quality hay.
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| Preventing colic? | Through good management, high quality hay being the most important. Regular exercise, deworming, dental care bu even the colic still happen.
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| What to do during a Colic? | Remove all feed, but not water. Take heart rate and look at gums. Call your vet, may recommend giving Banamine. Walk to prevent injury if down/rolling.
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| What not to do during a colic? | Give more than 1 dose of Banamine without your vet; Walk the horses to exhaustion, try to pass a tube to force feed mineral oil, insert a horse rectally to given an enema.
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| How to tell mild colic from a going to need surgery colic? | Its almost impossible to tell, because they can both present with the same symptoms and then fool you.
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| Treatment of Colic | Pain meds, sedatives, fluid therapy (oral or IV), no feed, laxatives and as a last resort surgery.
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| Neurological Signs | Ataxia (graded on a scale 0-5, 0 being normal and 5 being down)Unable to stand, head pressing, circling, depression or trouble swallowing.
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| Abrasions are | partial-thickness
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| Lacerations are | full-thickness
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| punctures | can be the most troublesome because its hard to tell the extent of the damage.
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| Superficial Wounds Tx Protocal | Clean with a disinfectant and water, clip the hair to inspect more closely, and abrasions on limbs may benefit from wraps to decrease swelling.
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| For Deep Wounds or Lacerations- | may need to be sutured, ideally, sutures should be placed within 6-8 hours of injury. Clean the wound as best you can apply a light bandage until the vet arrives. Do not put any ointments onto a deep wound or laceration, wait for the vet.
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| Lameness usually occurs in the ----; and most common problem is the ... | 95% of all lameness occurs in the foot. Most common problem is a foot abscess: can occur after a sole bruise. Need to establish drainage to relieve pain and may need a pain reliever.
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| Causes of non-weight bearing lameness: | foot abscess, fracture, septic joint or tendon sheath; laminitis (usually more than one limb affected)
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| Eyes | Any abnormalities with eye should be brought to the vets attention immediately.
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| Fever can be sign of? | Fever can be a result of infection, inflammation, viral disease, tumors, immune-mediated diseases, drug administration, heat stress and exhaustion or sever muscle injury.
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| What to do for a fever- | If the temp is greater than 103 hose down with cold weather, and place in well ventilated cool area with fan, banamine may be recommended.
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| Choke (Esophageal obstruction) | Occurs when the horses eat too fast and food becomes stuck in the esophagus. Causes- bolting feed, dental disease, neurological conditions causing difficulty swallowing, and congenital or acquired esophageal problems.
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| Clinical Signs of Choke- | Frothy green (feed tinged) nasal discharge); stretching out neck; coughing/distressed; gag; signs of colic.
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