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USCSOM: Amino Acid Synthesis and Catabolism

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Question
Answer
Most grains are relatively poor sources of what 2 AAs?   tryptophan and lysine  
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What 4 AAs are synthesized from the glycolytic pathway?   Ser, Gly, Cys, Ala  
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What 4 AAs come from alpha-ketoglutarate?   Arg, Glu, Gln, Pro  
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What 2 AAs come from Oxaloacetate?   Asp, Asn  
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What two substrates are required to form serine?   glucose and Glu  
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What is required for glycine to form serine or NH4?   FH4 - tetrahydrofolate  
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What intermediate is necessary to form CO2 and H20 from glycine?   glyoxalate  
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Cysteine is derived from what two AAs?   Serine and Methionine  
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Cysteine is derived from what immediate intermediate?   Cystathionine  
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What is cysteine broken down into?   Sulfate - excreted in the urine  
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What is FH4?   tetrahydrofolate  
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What 5 AAs have 5Cs, are interrelated metabolically, and are associated with alpha-ketoglutarate?   Glu, Gln, Pro, Arg, His  
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What enzymes catalyzes the addition and removal of Amide N of Gln?   glutamine synthase  
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Describe the histidine degradation pathway   His, urocanate, FIGLU, glutamate  
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What are transamination reaction related to TCA cycle intermediates?   OxAC to Asp, alpha-k-Glu to Glu, Pyr to Ala  
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What types of products do the degredation of glucogenic AAs produce?   pyruvate  
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What types of products do the degredation of ketogenic AAs produce?   acetyl CoA  
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What AAs are known to form fumarate during their catabolism?   Phe, Tyr, Asp  
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What is PKU?   phenylketonuria  
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What enzyme is defective in phenlyketonuria?   phenylalanine hydroxylase  
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What are the 4 known defects in Tyr metabolism?   tyrosinemia I and II, alcaptonuria, neotnatal tyrosinemia  
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What are the 4 AAs that form succinyl CoA?   Met, Thr, Val, Ile  
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Conversion of propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA require what cofactors?   biotin and vitamin B12  
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What is the intermediate between propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA?   methylmalonyl CoA  
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What is SAM?   S-adenosyl Methionine  
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Describe the pathway from Met to Propionyl CoA.   L-Met, SAM, SAH, L-Homocysteine, Cystathionine, alpha-ketobutyrate, Prop-CoA  
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What are the 2 fates of Thr catabolism   Glycine and AcCoA  
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What is SAH?   S-adenosyl Homocysteine  
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Elevated lvls of what AA intermediate are associated with heart disease?   L-Homocysteine  
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