First Aid Q&A: Hematology & Oncology 1
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| The best prognostic indicator of melanoma | Depth of invastion into dermis (vertical growth)
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| 43 yro male with epigastric pain, heartburn, weight loss for 4 months; few occasions of black, tarry stools; diffuse epigastric pain. Diagnosis? | Zollinger-Ellison
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| Pancoast's tumor impinging on cervical sympathetic plexus. What is the syndrome and it's symptoms? | Horner's syndrome: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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| Risk factors for breast cancer | Family history, delayed menopause (>50), early menarche (<12), late pregnancy (>30), old age
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| Site of action: heparin vs. low molecular weight heparin | Heparin works on antithrombin III and Xa, whereas LMW heparin works predominantly on Xa
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| Warfarin blocks activation of what processes? | Vitamin K dependent processes (II, VII, IX, and X)
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| Brain tumor predominantly in children found exclusively in cerebellum | Medulloblastoma
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| Most common brain tumor of adults; found in the cerebral hemispheres. Grave prognosis (almost zero survival at 5 years) | Glioblastoma multiforme
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| Benign tumor found in frontal lobes, classically described as consisting of "fried egg" cells | Oligodendroglioma
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| Most common supratentorial tumor in children, derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch | Craniopharyngioma
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| Nonmalignat neoplasm arising from arachnoid granulations | Meningioma
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| Lack of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase. Symptoms result from buildup of delta-ALA and porphobilinogen | Acute intermitten porphyria; symptoms 4 P's (painful abdomen, pink urine, polyneuropathy, psychological disturbances)
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| Most common form of thyroid cancer, often associated with ionizing radiation exposure. | Papillary carcinoma, excellent prognosis
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| Thyroid histology reveals branching papillae lined by epithelial cells with ground glass nuclei "Orphan Annie eye nuclei" and concentrically calcified psammoma bodies. | Papillary carcinoma
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| Thyroid histology reveals uniform cells surrounding colloid-filled follicles with Hurthle cells; no psammoma bodies | Follicular carcinoma; second most common thyroid cancer
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| Neoplasm of parafollicular or C cells of thyroid resulting in increased serum calcitonin. | Medullary carcinoma; may be associated with MEN II when bilateral
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| Congenital abnormality caused by persistance of diverticulum formed during thyroid gland migration | Thyroglossal cyst
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| Deficiency in Hemophilia A | Factor VIII; X linked
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| Deficiency in Hemophilia B | Factor IX; X linked
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| Multiple micro-infarcts in spleen result in functional asplenia, patients are thus susceptible to encapsulated bacterium. Diagnosis? | Sickle cell anemia
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| Sickle cell patients are at risk of having an aplastic crises often associated with what infection? | B19 parvovirus
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| Splenomegaly and fatigue with Auer rod cytoplasmic inclusions on peripheral blood smear. Diagnosis? | AML
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| Splenomegaly and fatigue with teardrop-shaped RBC's on peripheral blood smear. Diagnosis? | Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis
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| Splenomegaly and fatigue with B cells showing filamentous projections | Hairy cell leukemia
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| Common site of metastasis for GI tumors | Liver (portal blood flow)
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| Common site of metastasis for breast, kidney, and lung tumors | Most often brain and bone
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| What is the mechanism of lead poisening resulting in anemia? | Lead inhibits ALA dehydratase and ferrochetalase preventing porphobilinogen formation and iron incorporation
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| Familial adenomatous polyposis results from mutation of what chromosome? | Chromosome 5
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| What abnormal labs are expected with cobalamin deficiency? | Increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and elevated and methylmalonic acid
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| What disorders are associated with MEN IIA and what oncogene is distinct? | Parathyroid hyperplasia or tumor, medullary carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma; Ret oncogene
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| What disorders are associated with MEN I? | Wermer's syndrome effects 3 P's: pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas
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| Parasitic infection presenting with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, malaise and weight common to middle east locations | Leishmania donovani
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| Parasitic infection presenting with bloating, flatulence, and foul smelling diarrhea. | Giardia lamblia
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| parasitic infection with 48 hour cyclic fever, can remain dormant in the liver for long periods of time | Plasmodium ovale
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| Where does intrinsic factor bind B12 and later receptors? | IF binds B12 in small intestine (not stomach) and receptors in distal ileum (ileal resection can result in B12 deficiency)
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| Function of transcobalamin II | binds B12 in ileal cells for transport through bloodstream
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| Tumor arising from embryonic renal cells from the embryonic kidney. Most common solid tumor of childhood (most occurring between 2-4 years) | Wilm's tumor
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| Tumor derived from renal tubular cells commonly in male smokers age 50 to 70 years. | Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney
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| Most common tumor of the urinary tract, usually presenting with painless hematuria and urinary outflow obstruction | Transitional cell carcinoma
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| Complement mediated RBC lysis due to insufficient synthesis of GPI anchors. Dark urine in the morning. | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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| Deficiency of vWF metalloprotease resulting in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with schistocytes on peripheral blood smear. | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
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Created by:
rahjohnson
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