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neurophysiology

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Polarized   The inside is negatively charged with respect to the outside  
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Repolarization   K+ channels open and K+ ions rush out of the cell, cell returns to resting potential (becomes more negative)  
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Depolarization   Na+ channels open and Na+ ions rush into the cell, cell becomes less negative/ more positive  
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Divergence   A single neuron sends impulses to many other neurons, amplifies an impulse  
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Synapse   The junction between two communicating neurons  
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Summation   Several sub-threshold impulses are combined to reach the threshold  
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Facilitation   Sub-threshold stimulus causes the neuron to be more easily excited  
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Convergence   a single neuron receives impulses from two or more axons, causes strong stimulation or inhibition  
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Saltatory conduction   Nerve impulses 'jump' from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier  
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Inhibitory Neurotransmitter   Blocks an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron  
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Excitatory Neurotransmitter   Increases post-synaptic membrane  
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All-or-none response   If a neuron responds at all, it responds completely. Greater intensity of stimulation triggers more impulses per second, not stronger impulses  
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Resting potential   A resting nerve is not being stimulated, has more potassium (K)+ ions inside, and more sodium (Na)+ ions outside. Inside has a more negative charge, outside has a more positive charge.  
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Action potential   Na+ channels open, Na+ ions rush into cell. Interior becomes more positive. Na+ channels close. K+ channels open, K+ ions rush out of cell. Cell returns to resting potential/ more negative.  
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Pre-synaptic neuron   The sending neuron (axon)  
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Post-synaptic neuron   The receiving neuron (dendrites)  
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